Synoptic table ii

Pragmatics studies how people comprehend and produce a communicative act or speech act in a concrete speech situation which is usually a conversation (hence *conversation analysis).

Pragmatics is a linguistic discipline that examines our use and our understanding of the language we speak and hear, read and write. Pragmatics examines the importance in language studies of our general knowledge, and the importance of common-sense knowledge of our world

The study of semantics includes the study of how meaning is constructed, interpreted, clarified, obscured, illustrated, simplified negotiated, contradicted and paraphrased

Semantics is the study of meaning expressed by elements of any language. It is as a symbolic system. It is the goal of linguistic semantics to describe the meaning of linguistic elements and to study the principles which allow (and exclude)

Abstract syntax: The internal representation of the program specified by a simpler grammar than the concrete syntax.

It has three levels: Lexical syntax: All the basic symbols of the language (i.e. names, values, operators). Concrete syntax: The rules for writing expressions, statements and programs

Syntax refers to word order and depends on lexical categories (parts of speech.) It studies the sentences and phrases structure. It is the study of the rules for the formation of grammatical sentences in a language.

. It must be attached to another morpheme to produce a word. Free morpheme: bad Bound morpheme: -ly Word: badly

. An example of a free morpheme is “bad”, and an example of abound is ¨ly¨it is bound because although is has meaning, it cannotstand alone.

Morphology is the study of words. Morphemes are the minimal units of words that have a meaning and cannot be subdivided further. There are two main types: free and bound. Free morphemes can occur alone and bound morphemes must occur with another morpheme.

Phonology is the study of how sounds are organized and used in natural languages. It is the basis for further work in morphology, syntax, discourse, and orthography design.

Phonetics studies the production of sounds. There are three types of the study of the sounds of language. Acoustic Phonetics is the study of the physical properties of sounds. Auditory Phonetics is the study of the way listeners perceive sounds. Articulatory Phonetics is the study of how the vocal tracts produce the sounds.

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what is pragmatics

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what is phonology

what is syntax

what is morphology

what is phonetics

Complementary