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REFERENCES
PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
DISTINCTIONS
PHONOLOGY
2. Suprasegmental
features
1. Suprasegmental
features
Definition
Examples with specific words
Articulatory features
Definition
PHONETICS
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PHONETICS

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Definition

Articulatory features

Examples with specific words

Definition

1. Suprasegmental features

2. Suprasegmentalfeatures

PHONOLOGY

DISTINCTIONS

PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY

REFERENCES

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"From the definitions above, the difference should be somewhat obvious. We have said that phonetics describes the physical realisation of sounds. It studies the physiological processes involved in sound production. Phonology on the other hand looks at the behavioural patterns of sounds in actual speech, their realisations in different environments, whatsoever these may be" (Iyabole, 2011).As we well know, phonetics and phonology are responsible for the study of sounds, but their difference lies in the fact that phonetics studies the sounds of a language from their production, constitution, and acoustic perception and, on the other hand, phonology studies the sounds of a language from its function, so it is responsible for the accent, intonation and the distinctive features of each sound. In other words, the former refers to the study of speech sounds while the latter is the study of how sounds function in a language system.

Alveolar: "tea" (/tiː/), "dog" (/dɔːɡ/)Bilabial: "pat" (/pæt/), "bat" (/bæt/)Stops or Plosives: "top" (/tɒp/), "pick" (/pɪk/)Fricatives: "sit" (/sɪt/), "fish" (/fɪʃ/) Voiced: "zoo" (/zuː/), "van" (/væn/) Voiceless: "sea" (/siː/), "pot" (/pɒt/) Nasal: "man" (/mæn/), "sing" (/sɪŋ/) Non-Nasal: "bat" (/bæt/), "see" (/siː/)

In this sense, it is essential to make known the articulatory characteristics of phonetics, considering that they refer to how speech sounds are produced through the manipulation of the articulatory organs, such as the tongue, lips, palate, pharynx., etc.First of all, we can include the point of articulation, which refers to the place in the oral cavity where the obstruction of airflow occurs to generate a sound. In this case, the following examples can be established: /t/ is articulated with the tongue touching the alveolus, that is, it is an alveolar stop while /p/ is articulated with the lips together, which is known as a bilabial stop.On the other hand, the mode of articulation is about how airflow obstruction occurs in the oral cavity. In this framework, we can consider stop consonants, such as /p/, /t/, /k/, where the airflow is completely blocked and then released, and fricative consonants, such as /s/, /f /, where there is a partial obstruction to the airflow that produces a whistling sound.Likewise, another fundamental characteristic within phonetics must be highlighted, such as sonority, which refers to whether the vocal cords vibrate or not during the production of a sound. In this case, voiced consonants such as /b/, /d/, and /g/ are characterized by vocal fold vibration while voiceless consonants such as /p/, /t/, and /k/ are produced without vocal fold vibration. the vocal cords.In addition to the above, nasality must be considered, since some sounds are produced with the passage of air through the nasal cavity instead of only through the oral cavity. In this way, we could highlight some examples by mentioning that /m/ is produced with the lips closed and the airflow passes only through the nasal cavity, that is, it is a nasal consonant, and /n/ is produced with the tongue touching the alveolus, but the airflow also comes out through the nose, which means that, in turn, it is a nasal consonant.

In phonology, suprasegmental features refer to aspects of speech that go beyond individual sounds and affect larger units of speech, such as syllables, words, or phrases. On the one hand, we can find intonation, which is related to the melodic patterns of speech, which can change the meaning or intention of a sentence. In this case, as we know, a question is usually characterized by a rising intonation at the end of the sentence, as in "Are you okay?" Concerning accent, we keep in mind that it is the emphasis given to certain syllables within a word or to certain words within a sentence. For example, in the word "introduction", the syllable "duc" carries the main stress, being pronounced as "in-tro-DUC-tion".

Iyabode, O. D. (2011). Chapter one: Phonetics and Phonology definition and distinction. In Introductory Phonetics and Phonology of English. (pp. 1-3). Cambridge Scholars Publishing. https://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=523847&lang=es&site=ehost-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_1Iyabode, O. D. (2011). Chapter Two: The Mechanism of Speech Sounds. In Introductory Phonetics and Phonology of English. (pp. 5-12). Cambridge Scholars Publishing. https://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=523847&lang=es&site=ehost-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_5

Specifically, phonetics is conceived as the linguistic discipline that studies the sounds of human speech, in other words, the realization and physical perception of the signs that make up the language. It is important to highlight that it is a discipline closely related to phonology to the extent that it deals with the sound aspect of language. Furthermore, it must be considered that phonetics consists, in essence, of an approach to the physical aspect of verbal language and the different ways in which it can be articulated, which refers to the specific way in which speakers of the same language put it into practice.

In the same way, we can consider rhythm, which is understood as the pattern of durations of syllables in speech. In this framework, stressed syllables tend to be longer in duration than unstressed syllables, which contributes to the rhythm of speech. Another essential characteristic is the tempo which, as we know well, is the general speed of speech. In this way, we can exemplify this by mentioning that fast speech can convey emotions such as excitement or anxiety, while slow speech can indicate emphasis or contemplation.

"Phonology is concerned with the regularities that govern the phonetic realisations of sounds in words of a language. It looks at and tries to establish a system of sound distinctions relevant to a particular language" (Iyabode, 2011). Phonology is the branch of linguistics that is responsible for studying phonemes (minimum units of articulation that have consonant or vowel sounds), describing the sound that is emitted in a language. In the same way, it is a specialization in which we investigate how each of the articulations of speech should be used, where each word is used appropriately according to the intonation with which it is described or the accent it has. The sounds known as articulated sounds are generated when we let air out of the lungs when we breathe out. Explicitly, this air passes through the bronchi, then through the trachea, and ends up traveling through the larynx, where the vocal cords are. At that moment, the vocal cords vibrate and emit an articulated sound that is audible, although if they do not vibrate it is considered a dull sound.

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