The Smith and Ragan model

Mayerly Cusson

A model that emphasizes on the importance of instruction

The Smith and Ragan Model

This is not a linear model. It consists of three main phases that are intertwined.

This model builds on Gagne’s nine events of instruction as a strong influence to carefully design instructional activities that are aligned with enhancing the learning process.

Main characteristics

One of the most important characteristics is the emphasis on creating detailed instruction and materials.

The Smith and Ragan model is a systems-oriented model, which means that it is applicable to extensive courses, and their curriculum.

Phase 1

Task analysis si guided by learners' needs. There are six steps: writing learning goal, determine types of learning, conduct information processing analysis of the goal, determine background knowledge, write learning objectives and write test.

Planning for assessment and learning. HIgh quality assessment stems from clear and concise objectives.

Learners' analysis with strong emphasis on cognitive characteristics, which are divided into four groups: stable and changing characteristics.

Contextual analysis that includes needs assessment and description of the environment.

Analysis and assessment

Phase 2

Design
 teams
 and
managers
must
function
 efficiently
 within
 the
 following
 interdependent
 restraints
 of
 a
 project:
quality/performance,
 cost,
 time,
 and
 scope

Organizational strategies should answer the questions: 
(1)
what
content
is
needed?
(2) how
should
the
 content
 be
 presented?
 (3)
 how
 should
 it
 be
 sequenced?
 .

Instructional Strategies

Delivery strategies include correct sequencing of the content, knowledge type, learning principles, learning cognitive strategies.and actitudes..

Phase 3

It
 the
work
 of
 a
 design
 team. Management
 practices
 vary
 based
 on
 the
 culture
 and
 context
 of
 the
work
and
rely
on
effective
documentation
for
planning
and
tracking
the
development
of
a
design
project.

Formative and summative evaluation take place. Instruction
 should
 be
 formatively
 tested
 with
 the population.

Implementation, management and evaluation

The
 four
 key
 concepts
 of
 implementation:
 diffusion,
 dissemination,
adoption,
 and
 stakeholders.