ORAL SOUTHERN SUDAN

MBAYE Astou , ERTAS Melis

The war in South Sudan

1 /context2/the origins of the war3/consequences4/ the key players5/conclusion 6/bibliography

To what extent does the civil war in southern Sudan reveal the failure of a state?

CONTEXT

massive fights in south sudan between supporters of president salva kirr and former vice-president riek machar: the start of a civil war

2013

Faced with the violence of the clashes, the UN Security Council strengthens the mandate of UNMISS, opening its compounds to civilians fleeing conflicts. This marks the beginning of the establishment of civilian protection sites.

Decembre 2013

Independence for South Sudan with a referendum beginning of the united nations mandate to maintain peace and security in the new country. Southern sudan = the world's youngest country

Octobre 2005

Peace agreement between the government of the north and the new government in the south.

1983

Beginning of the Second Sudanese Civil War between North and South. The Muslims are in the North and the Christians/animists are in the South.

2011

chronological landmarks

the origins of the war

Economical Origins

POLITICS: oppressive and repressive regime: characterized by

• an lack of individual freedom
• PROPAGANDA

• religious intolerance
• violent repression
• forced recruitment into the armed forces

Ethnic and political origins

the consequences of the war

Economic consequences :

Social consequences:

• Violations of the rights of children (sexual violence)
• Child soldiers enrolled in state and non-state armed groups.
• Lack of food for babies
• Children affected by starvation, malnutrition, lack of schooling Highest levels of maternal deaths in the world

Consequences for childrens

External players

The Bentiou camp "open-air prison" "humanitarian hell". Contains :

• Victims of war crimes
• Victims of the famine crisis
• Nuerr refugees (come with days to walk) exposed to raids by Dinka militias allied to the government
• More and more refugees=≥ blue soldiers are protecting civilians
• Other NGOs s

Many NGOs

• participates in mediation efforts between NORTH and SOUTH Sudan$
• It is the main purchaser of South Sudanese oil
• the main investor in the oil sector in Africa.
• 2016: China sends its first infantry battalion to South Sudan.

China

European Union

To what extent does the civil war in southern Sudan reveal the failure of a state?

CONCLUSION

SOURCES

• https://www.msf.fr/actualites/soudan-du-sud-10-ans-d-independance-et-de-violences-quasi-ininterrompues

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gY8Fj9iXTN4

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kdaRLNpV0EY

• https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/monde/afrique/violences-au-soudan-du-sud_1309840.html

• https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/afrique/soudan-du-sud/soudan-du-sud-cinq-choses-a-savoir-sur-le-plus-jeune-etat-au-monde_4694779.html