SCOTTISH ENGLISH VS STANDARD ENGLISH
Sandra Felis Grau
Created on January 8, 2024
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Transcript
Ingles para el aula I
standard english vs scottish english
2- WHERE?
1- WHAT?
3- ORIGIN
4- CHARACTERISTICS
5- EXAMPLES
CONTENTS
Scottish English refers to the variants of English spoken in Scotland. Scots used in more informal situations is differentiated from Scottish English as a standard from Scottish English used in more formal situations. This dialectic is different from Old Scottish Gaelic. Scottish English has distinct pronunciation, grammar and expressions than standard English. It has distinctive vocabulary, particularly pertaining to Scottish institutions such as the Church of Scotland, local government and the education and legal systems.
WHAT?
Scots and Scottish English
- Standard English is well established throughout Scotland in several areas, but in the Scottish variety of the standard.
- In other areas forms are used shich are rooted in the rural dialects of the Scottish Lowlands - SCOTS
- You can distinguish between four different kinds of Scots: Central Scots, Southern Scots, Northern Scots and Island Scots.
- Scottish English is the Standard Scottish English
WHERE?
21
This variant of English is spoken in Scotland
Scottish English results from the contact of Standard English and Scots-speakers in 17th century. This contact makes differences between Standard English and the English spoken in Scotland with lexical transfer, spelling pronunciations and different vocabulary.
ORIGIN
John Balliol was elected king of Scotland by Edward I, but he was rejected by the Scottish people. Edward I invaded Scotland and the first Scottish War of Independence broke out. William Wallace and Andrew de Moray create an army to resist the occupation.
In the southern lands of Scotland the Scots language had developed and is still spoken by about 1.5 million people.
The nation of Scotland is born as a united territory. There was Anglo-Saxon influence since some settlers had settled in Scottish territory
s.XIII
First tribes in Scotland
11000 years ago
Viking invasions and later Kenneth I, king of the Picts, founded Scotland which he called Alba, the name of Scotland in Scottish Gaelic. By the end of the 10th century the Pictish language had disappeared in favor of Scottish Gaelic.
s.VIII-X
1296
1124
King David I of Scotland made reforms and he and his descendants Alexander II and Alexander III kept peace in England. But the death of Alexander III and his granddaughter left no direct succession to the throne, leading to Edward I of England taking charge of Scotland as a feudal department.
Scotland was made up of 4 tribes, the most important of which were the Picts and the Gaels. In the 5th century they were converted to Christianity by the Irish missions.
s.V
The Romans invade Scotland. They settle in the Lowlands and head towards the Highlands, which are difficult to dominate.
Timeline of Scottish History
43 d.c
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
1922
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Prosperity for Scotland as one of the main commercial and cultural points of Europe.
1800
Henry VII of England is succeeded by Elizabeth I. Rise of Protestantism in England and clashes with Christianity in Scotland. Mary of Scotland is forced to abdicate to her son James I who will reign over the three kingdoms, England, Scotland and Ireland.
They achieve Scottish independence at the Battle of Bannockburn. Robert I as king of Scotland. Later Eduardo Balliol, son of John Balliol, claimed the throne and the second war of independence took place.
The Lowlands of Scotland had greater prosperity and the English language predominated along with Scots. In the Highlands, Scottish Gaelic prevailed and they were becoming marginalized.
Parliament rejected James and the W ar of the Three Kingdoms occurred, which ended the Protectorate of England. Later Scotland had a very big crisis and signed the Treaty of Union with England. Great Britain was founded when Anne of Great Britain, a descendant of the Stuarts, reigned.
1707
1314
1603
Treaty of perpetual peace between Scotland and England
1503
Robert II founds the Stuart Dynasty. Scotland experienced an era of prosperity.
Timeline of Scottish History
1371
Scot and Scottish English
- There are three official languages in Scotland: English, Scots, and Gaelic.
- The use of English in Scotland exists on a language continuum (a range of languages and dialects people use). At one end of the continuum is Standard Scottish English and at the other is Broad Scots.
- Scots is a cognate language of English, meaning they both share an ancestral language.
- Standard Scottish English (SSE) is the standardized version of English used across Scotland. It is typically linked with the professional and upper classes and deemed more "proper" than Scots.
- Scottish English has vocabulary, sayings, grammar, and phonological features, primarily influenced by Scots, that differ from Standard British English.
Scot and Scottish English
Scottish English, in general, it is much more marked, louder than standard English
CHARACTERISTICS OF SCOTTISH ENGLISH
- /r/ before /l/ is strong: in words like world or girl, the /r/ practically disappears in pronunciation in Standard English, but it does not occur in Scottish English. The /r/ is pronounced strongly almost like in Spanish. This words seems that have two-syllabe words for some speakers. The same may occur between /r/ and /m/, between /r/ and /n/, and between /l/ and /m/
- Rhoticity: the Scottish accent is predominantly rhotic, meaning the /r/ sound in the middle or at the end of a word is always pronounced. This differs from most other Britisch accents, shich are non-thotic and do not pronounce the /r/ sound.
- No distinction /ae/ - /a:/ : In most varieties there's no distinction in words like: bath, trap, and palm have the same vowel. The same occur /u:/.
- /w/ is different /wh/: aspirated wh-words - The wh- sound at the beginning of words like what and which is typically aspirated in Scottish English, meaning it is pronounced with an exhale of air.
Phonological aspects
Vídeo 1
Vídeo since 13:26 minutes
- In Scottish English they do not differentiate between long and short vowels. In standard English for example words like catch or cot sound different but in Scottish English they sound the same.
- The fricative "ch" sound - Fricative consonants are made when air is forced through a small gap between two speech articulators. In Scottish English, when a "ch" appears at the end of a word, e.g., loch, a fricative sound is created in the throat. In Standard British English, the sound is pronounced as a hard /k/.
Phonological aspects
Vídeo 1
Video
- Scottish English words with phonetic transcription. The majority of these words have come from Scots
Scottish English words
Vídeo 1
Vdeo 2
- Scottish English phrases are colloquially known as Scotticisims; the term refers to the influence of Scots on the English language.
Scottish English phrases
Vídeo 1
Vdeo 2
- Negative contractions end with the suffix -nae. For example, Would + not = wouldnae, could + not = couldnae, and did + not = didnae. The word no itself can also be replaced with nae (not commonly written).
- Use of the word no instead of not. For example, "He's surely no gonna be there."
- Use of the relative pronoun that over who. For example, "The man that was there."
- Turning irregular verbs into regular in their past tense forms. For example, telt instead of told and selt instead of sold.
- A more flexible approach to the use of past tense verbs and past participles. For example, "I seen that show" is deemed acceptable, whereas in Standard British English, it would have to be "I saw that show" or "I have seen that show."
Scottish English Grammar
Vídeo 1
Vdeo 2