computer science
Flore Naji
Created on January 7, 2024
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Transcript
Flore Naji
Computer Science from the 1950s in the UK
WWW
Stored-program computer
Local Area Network
The Firsts
It served as a prototype to demonstrate the feasibility of the stored-program concept.It served as a way to provide a computing resource within the university, enabling researchers to aquire practical experience in computer usage
Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), or the "Baby" University of Manchester, England, 1948 Frederic C. Williams, Tom Kilburn
The first functional stored-program computer
The first practical stored-program computer designed for real-world computation tasks.It was able to store both data and instructions in memory.It was designed for practical computation and was used for various scientific and mathematical tasks.
EDSAC
Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
1949 University of Cambridge
The first commercially available general-purpose computer developed by Ferranti Ltd., a British electrical engineering company in 1951
Ferranti Mark 1
It was sold for approximately £100,000 each. Nine Ferranti Mark 1 computers were sold in total, those buyers inclide mostly Universities and research establishments.
What is a Stored-program computer?
It enables instructions and data to be stored in the same memory, allowing users to create, and edit programs without the need to alter the physical wiring, as early computers needed. It served as an early form of computer memory, storing the data as electric charges within the Williams-Kilburn tube.
He is credited for breaking the German Enigma code during World War II and laying the theoretical groundwork for artificial intelligence.
Alan Turing
Alan Turing inspired the Manchester Baby, EDSAC, and Ferranti Mark 1, yet he didn't create a physical computer; his theoretical insights molded early electronic computing evolution.
World Wide Web1980-90s
Sir Tim Berners-Lee, a British computer scientist, working at CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) in Switzerland.He created a system that would allow researchers to easily share and access information across the internet. In the Request-Response Cycle, upon receiving the HTTP request, the server proceeds to process it. It fetches the requested web page or resource (an image or video) and forwards it back to the client as an HTTP response.
The Cambridge Ring1970s at the University of Cambridge
The local area network (LAN) architecture that connected multiple computers in a ring topology
Each computer is linked to its adjacent neighbors, forming a closed loop or ring. This architecture allowes for efficient data transmission and communication among connected devices.
If a cable broke or a node stopped working, the network would automatically find another way for data to travel, keeping everything running smoothly and avoiding problems.