Unit 4: Living beings

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Unit 4:Living beings

help the museum!

Science museum heist

Loads of pieces have been stolen. Among others a very impresive model of a cell

Can we make an even better one?

Science museum heist

Loads of pieces have been stolen. Among others a very impresive model of a cell

Can we make an even better one?

We must create a model of a cell to help the museum until they find the original piece There are rumours that say the thieves are in this class..

Science museum heist

But.. what is a cell?

Cells

All living beings are formed by cells Cells are the smallest unit of life Cells are microscopic in size. Most cells are between 1 and 100μM Cell study: Microscope

Cells

• Unicellular organisms are made up of only one cell that carries out all of the functions needed by the organism

• Multicellular organisms use many different cells to function.

Unicellular

Multicellular

Unicellular vs multicellular

Write down 3 unicellular organisms and 3 multicellular organisms

Cells

Biomolecules group together to form more complex structures inside cells. These structures enable cells to perform their functions.

Organelles

Each cell has specialized cell structures: organelles. Organelles are responsible for a variety of cellular functions, such as obtaining nutrients, producing energy, and making proteins.

Cells

Organelles Small structures that specialise in performing specific functions. Not all organelles are found in all the different types of cells.

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VIDEO

Cell parts

Cells

The plasma membrane Thin layer that protects the cell. It regulates the exchange of substances coming in and out of the cell from the surrounding environment.

Cells

The cytoplasm Liquid that fills the inside of the cell. It contains many different substances and cell components.

Cells

Genetic material Made up of DNA fibres. Contains all the information needed to control cell functions and can be passed on to the next generation of daughter cells during reproduction.

Does a whale have bigger cells than a rat?

Types of Cells

There are two different types of cells

• Prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic cells

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. DNA found in these cells is contained in the cytoplasm. They have a cell wall and just one type of organelle known as a ribosome (synthesise proteins) They may have flagella, which are a kind of filament that helps the cell to move.

Eukaryotic cells

More complex The DNA they contain is surrounded by a membrane, which forms the nucleus. They have a plasma membrane and cytoplasm, which contain many different types of organelles. Most living beings are made up of eukaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells

• Eukaryotic animal cells: found in animals and certain unicellular organisms such as protozoa.

• Eukaryotic plant cells: found in plants and algae. They have a cell wall and organelles that can only be found in plants (chloroplasts, vacuoles)

Eukaryotic cells

Cell shape

The shape of a cell is determined by its function.

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