Edward Jenner and the scientific method
Celia Espino
Created on December 19, 2023
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Transcript
scientificmethodfolled by edward jenner
(To develop vaccines)By Celia Espino Izquierdo
start
O3
biology
introduction
Scientific method folled by Edward Jenner
start
PROCESS: CHARACTERISTICS:
what is the scientific method?
We identify a problem and we have a question about something we want to know.
information about the problem is gathered.
a hypothesis is made, wich is what you think answers your question from what you have observed before.
We see if the hypothesis is true by doing an experiment.
At the end we can prove or disprove if what we thought was true.
It´s a process or method of research.
It helps finding an answer to a question .
The question you have can be about anything around you in the physical world.
It´s about studying and learning things around you.
video
to have an idea: what was.... smallpox: cowpox:
Disease.Caused by the variola virus.The last known natural case of smallpox was reported in Somalia in 1977,It was an acute disease, contagious and dangerous. It caused death in 10% of the population.It caused fever, vomiting and fluid-filled lesions on the body. This lesions or spots develop into blisters that dry out and turno into scabs.
Disease.Similar to smallpox (it´s related to the virus that causes this disease wich is variola virus).Transmitted to humans from animals.Much more milder than smallpox (less serious and more light)Less symptoms. The vaccine of smallpox is made from cowpox wich means cowpox provides immunity to smallpox(what we are going to see later)
Show info.
Show info.
click on the image
The technique of introducing material under the skin to produce protection against disease became universally known as vaccination, a word derived from the Latin name for the cow (vacca), in Jenner's honour.
edward jenner
click here, and then the box for info.
James Phipps is inyected cowpox pus from the girl.
James is inyected with particles from smallpox.
James becomes infected by cowpox.
James gets smallpox with hardly no symptoms and gets antibodies to not get it next time.
A milkmaid is infected from cowpox.
Particles of smallpox are collected from a patient with it.
introduction
process followed
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observe
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ask a question
form a hypothesis
draw a conclusion
test hypothesis (experiment)
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observe
scientific method
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start
- First, Edward Jenner observed milkmaids that where infected with cowpox (when they had milked cows that suffered cowpox)
- These milkmaids didn´t get smallpox. They were resistant to the disease.
smallpox in milmaids:
obsevation
what you see:
observe
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4
ask a question
form a hypothesis
draw a conclusion
test hypothesis (experiment)
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3
5
ask a question
After what you have observed, what question do you have?
scientific method
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continue
Because of what he had observed before, he made himself this question
why do milkmaids who have cowpox don´t get smallpox?
WHY...
Why wouldn´t they die because of smallpox? Why where they immune to it after having cowpox?
Play to learn what is immunity
observe
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4
ask a question
form a hypothesis
draw a conclusion
test hypothesis (experiment)
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Construct hypothesis
Make a guess based on the information you already know.
scientific method
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continue
Based on what he had seen and researched Edward Jenner´s hypothesis was:if a person gets intentionally infected with cowpox, they may become immune to smallpox
You will have to test it with an experiment to see if it´s right.
You don´t know if the hypothesis is true, it´s just a prediction.
hypothesis
make a guess
more info
observe
2
4
ask a question
form a hypothesis
draw a conclusion
test hypothesis (experiment)
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3
5
experiment/ test
You have to test your hypothesis to see if it´s right. For this you do an experiment associated with the guess you made in yout hypothesis.
scientific method
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continue
is the hypothesis true?
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PreviousKnowledge Trigger
edward jenner´s experiment
Continue learning about the experiment
observe
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4
ask a question
form a hypothesis
draw a conclusion
test hypothesis (experiment)
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5
draw a conclusion
What can you assump after all your experiment?Was the hypothesis true?
scientific method
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continue
- Based on his experiment, Jenner concluded that injecting cowpox into individuals could protect them from smallpox.
- This marked the successful development of the first vaccine.
- The infectious disease of smallpox could be controlled and it was no more very dangerous.
- Not so much people died beacause with the vaccine they were immune to the virus.
Edward jenner´s hypothesis was correct.
finally...
conclusion
see
Thanks to him, vaccination was invented.
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put the steps of what edward jenner did in the correct order:
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C. Ask himself why what he had observed happened.
D. Think a possible reason for why it happened (hypothesis).
E. Make a conlcusion after the ruslt of his experiment.
F. Spend the rest of his life promoting his method.
A. Do an experiment to see if cowpox did give immunity to smallpox.
B. Observe that milkmaids with cowpox were protected to smallpox.
Practice what you have learned!
scientific method by edward jenner
check
Bibliography
Citations of the soruces used.
see
CITATION OF THE SOURCES
Riedel, S. (2005, January). Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination. Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1200696/ .
Smallpox and the story of vaccination. Science Museum. (n.d.). https://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/medicine/smallpox-and-story-vaccination
The scientific method in vaccine history. History of Vaccines RSS. (n.d.). https://historyofvaccines.org/vaccines-101/how-are-vaccines-made/scientific-method-vaccine-history
Infection and immunity. Open Learning. (n.d.). https://www.open.edu/openlearn/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=28151&section=2.7
https://historyofvaccines.org/vaccines-101/how-are-vaccines-made/scientific-method-vaccine-history
Khan Academy. (n.d.). The scientific method (article). Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/intro-to-biology/science-of-biology/a/the-science-of-biology
bibliography
I hope you liked it!thanks for watching
NOTE: If you are not able to distinguish the steps that Edward Jenner infolled to develop vaccines, go back to the begining of the presentacion.
home
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You milk cows infected with the disease of cowpox=you get protected for when you get the disease of smallpox.
- 1. First, he took pus from cowpox pustules (spots) from the hand of a milkmaid that was infected.
- 2. After, Jenner scratched James Phipps arm and rubbed the pus of cowpox in it.
- 3. James got cowpox and recovered.
- 4. Then, Jenner scratched his arm again and introduced pus from pustules (spots) of smallpox from a patient.
Jenner tried his experiment with this boy. What he did was:
James Phipps
Infect a person with cowpox and then with smallpox
- 5. At the end, the experiment was succesfull and James didn´t develop smallpox.
Why did he put the pus of cowpox and smallpox into Jame´s scratches? Viruses can enter the body through scratches. Injured skin could make virus spread, allowing the virus to enter the body upon touching, rubbing, or scratching the injured skin.
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A
- The technique of introducing material under the skin to produce protection against disease became universally known as vaccination.
- Vaccination is a word derived from the Latin name for the cow (vacca), in Jenner's honour.
- Vaccination reflects it´s origin in Jenner´s experiment.
THE WORD VACCINATION
Jenner's work represented the first scientific attempt to control an infectious disease by the use of vaccination.
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