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biology
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O3
(To develop vaccines)

By Celia Espino Izquierdo                                               
scientific
method
folled by edward jenner
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Transcript

scientificmethodfolled by edward jenner

(To develop vaccines)By Celia Espino Izquierdo

start

O3

biology

introduction

Scientific method folled by Edward Jenner

start

PROCESS: CHARACTERISTICS:

what is the scientific method?

We identify a problem and we have a question about something we want to know.

information about the problem is gathered.

a hypothesis is made, wich is what you think answers your question from what you have observed before.

We see if the hypothesis is true by doing an experiment.

At the end we can prove or disprove if what we thought was true.

It´s a process or method of research.

It helps finding an answer to a question .

The question you have can be about anything around you in the physical world.

It´s about studying and learning things around you.

video

to have an idea: what was.... smallpox: cowpox:

Disease.Caused by the variola virus.The last known natural case of smallpox was reported in Somalia in 1977,It was an acute disease, contagious and dangerous. It caused death in 10% of the population.It caused fever, vomiting and fluid-filled lesions on the body. This lesions or spots develop into blisters that dry out and turno into scabs.

Disease.Similar to smallpox (it´s related to the virus that causes this disease wich is variola virus).Transmitted to humans from animals.Much more milder than smallpox (less serious and more light)Less symptoms. The vaccine of smallpox is made from cowpox wich means cowpox provides immunity to smallpox(what we are going to see later)

Show info.

Show info.

click on the image

The technique of introducing material under the skin to produce protection against disease became universally known as vaccination, a word derived from the Latin name for the cow (vacca), in Jenner's honour.

edward jenner

click here, and then the box for info.

James Phipps is inyected cowpox pus from the girl.

James is inyected with particles from smallpox.

James becomes infected by cowpox.

James gets smallpox with hardly no symptoms and gets antibodies to not get it next time.

A milkmaid is infected from cowpox.

Particles of smallpox are collected from a patient with it.

introduction

process followed

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5

1

observe

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4

ask a question

form a hypothesis

draw a conclusion

test hypothesis (experiment)

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3

5

observe

scientific method

1

start

  • First, Edward Jenner observed milkmaids that where infected with cowpox (when they had milked cows that suffered cowpox)
  • These milkmaids didn´t get smallpox. They were resistant to the disease.

smallpox in milmaids:

obsevation

what you see:

observe

2

4

ask a question

form a hypothesis

draw a conclusion

test hypothesis (experiment)

1

3

5

ask a question

After what you have observed, what question do you have?

scientific method

2

continue

Because of what he had observed before, he made himself this question

why do milkmaids who have cowpox don´t get smallpox?

WHY...

Why wouldn´t they die because of smallpox? Why where they immune to it after having cowpox?

Play to learn what is immunity

observe

2

4

ask a question

form a hypothesis

draw a conclusion

test hypothesis (experiment)

1

3

5

Construct hypothesis

Make a guess based on the information you already know.

scientific method

3

continue

Based on what he had seen and researched Edward Jenner´s hypothesis was:if a person gets intentionally infected with cowpox, they may become immune to smallpox

You will have to test it with an experiment to see if it´s right.

You don´t know if the hypothesis is true, it´s just a prediction.

hypothesis

make a guess

more info

observe

2

4

ask a question

form a hypothesis

draw a conclusion

test hypothesis (experiment)

1

3

5

experiment/ test

You have to test your hypothesis to see if it´s right. For this you do an experiment associated with the guess you made in yout hypothesis.

scientific method

4

continue

is the hypothesis true?

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PreviousKnowledge Trigger

edward jenner´s experiment

Continue learning about the experiment

observe

2

4

ask a question

form a hypothesis

draw a conclusion

test hypothesis (experiment)

1

3

5

draw a conclusion

What can you assump after all your experiment?Was the hypothesis true?

scientific method

5

continue

  • Based on his experiment, Jenner concluded that injecting cowpox into individuals could protect them from smallpox.
  • This marked the successful development of the first vaccine.
  • The infectious disease of smallpox could be controlled and it was no more very dangerous.
  • Not so much people died beacause with the vaccine they were immune to the virus.

Edward jenner´s hypothesis was correct.

finally...

conclusion

see

Thanks to him, vaccination was invented.

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3

put the steps of what edward jenner did in the correct order:

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C. Ask himself why what he had observed happened.

D. Think a possible reason for why it happened (hypothesis).

E. Make a conlcusion after the ruslt of his experiment.

F. Spend the rest of his life promoting his method.

A. Do an experiment to see if cowpox did give immunity to smallpox.

B. Observe that milkmaids with cowpox were protected to smallpox.

Practice what you have learned!

scientific method by edward jenner

check

Bibliography

Citations of the soruces used.

see

CITATION OF THE SOURCES

Riedel, S. (2005, January). Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination. Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1200696/ .

Smallpox and the story of vaccination. Science Museum. (n.d.). https://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/medicine/smallpox-and-story-vaccination

The scientific method in vaccine history. History of Vaccines RSS. (n.d.). https://historyofvaccines.org/vaccines-101/how-are-vaccines-made/scientific-method-vaccine-history

Infection and immunity. Open Learning. (n.d.). https://www.open.edu/openlearn/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=28151&section=2.7

https://historyofvaccines.org/vaccines-101/how-are-vaccines-made/scientific-method-vaccine-history

Khan Academy. (n.d.). The scientific method (article). Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/intro-to-biology/science-of-biology/a/the-science-of-biology

bibliography

I hope you liked it!thanks for watching

NOTE: If you are not able to distinguish the steps that Edward Jenner infolled to develop vaccines, go back to the begining of the presentacion.

home

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You milk cows infected with the disease of cowpox=you get protected for when you get the disease of smallpox.

  • 1. First, he took pus from cowpox pustules (spots) from the hand of a milkmaid that was infected.
  • 2. After, Jenner scratched James Phipps arm and rubbed the pus of cowpox in it.
  • 3. James got cowpox and recovered.
  • 4. Then, Jenner scratched his arm again and introduced pus from pustules (spots) of smallpox from a patient.

Jenner tried his experiment with this boy. What he did was:

James Phipps

Infect a person with cowpox and then with smallpox

  • 5. At the end, the experiment was succesfull and James didn´t develop smallpox.

Why did he put the pus of cowpox and smallpox into Jame´s scratches? Viruses can enter the body through scratches. Injured skin could make virus spread, allowing the virus to enter the body upon touching, rubbing, or scratching the injured skin.

B

c

D

F

e

A

  • The technique of introducing material under the skin to produce protection against disease became universally known as vaccination.
  • Vaccination is a word derived from the Latin name for the cow (vacca), in Jenner's honour.
  • Vaccination reflects it´s origin in Jenner´s experiment.

THE WORD VACCINATION

Jenner's work represented the first scientific attempt to control an infectious disease by the use of vaccination.

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