Edward Jenner and the vaccine
Kika Carrastegui
Created on December 18, 2023
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Transcript
PRESENTACIÓN
Carolina Carrasco Martitegui
the smallpox vaccine
Today you will learn the entire history of the vaccine and how it was discovered by the doctor and scientist Edward Jenner using all the steps of the scientific method. I am also going to explain the disease that, thanks to this discovery, was eradicated, saving the lives of thousands of people!
Steps of the scientific method
The scientific method is the most basic concept of science and is based on asking a question and answering it using all its steps.It is a way to solve problems in an orderly and clear way in order to find a reliable answer to the question we have asked ourselves.
What is the scientific method?
Vaccines are injections that teach our body's immune system to recognize and defend against harmful germs (viruses or bacteria).Vaccines are capable of triggering an immune response that helps the body fight pathogens. Our immune system will remember the germ and attack it if it invades us again. This is called immunity.
what is a vaccine?
- What was the smallpox
- Who created the vaccine
- How was it created
The smallpox vaccine
- It was a serious and sometimes fatal viral infection. It is was contagious, as it spreads from one person to another, and left permanent scars. Sometimes it even caused deformation.
- Smallpox was an acute contagious disease caused by the variola virus. It was one of the most devastating diseases known to humanity and caused millions of deaths before it was eradicated with the creation of the first vaccine discovered by Edward Jenner (1796)
smallpox
Edward Jenner was an English doctor and scientis. He was born in 1749 in Berkeley, a country town in England. There he worked as a doctor and made one of the greatest discoveries in medicine: the smallpox vaccine, the first vaccine in the world. Thanks to this vaccine, which saved the lives of millions of people, in 1980 it was possible to completely eradicate the devastating smallpox desease.
who was edward jenner?
Conclusion
Observation
question
Hypothesis
Experiment
Result
How did edward jenner create the smallpox vaccine using the scientific method?
During the 1790s Jenner extensively investigated cowpox and the people who milked them. He observed that cattle farmers, especially milkmaids, who rubbed the pustules on the udders of sick cows with their hands, contracted cowpox, which caused blisters on their hands; However, when human smallpox epidemics arrived, their families became infected, but they did not.
1. observation
Jenner asked himself this question:"Are samllpox and cowpow related? Can I create a cure for the desease with cowpox blisters?"He wanted to know if the infection produced by the milder infection would be enough to protect people against the lethal desease.
2. question
Jenner thought that if a person has been intentionally infected with cowpox, they will be protected against human smallpox, even after intentional exposure to smallpox".
3. hypothesis
On May 14, 1796, Jenner took the decisive step. He inoculated a boy named James Phipps, son of his gardener, with the pus from the blisters of cowpox. After a week, he fell slightly ill for a couple of days, but then recovered. Six weeks later, Jenner infected him with smallpox, without any visible effect.
4. experiment
After having infected the child with human smallpox and previously with cowpox, the child did not present any type of symptoms of human smallpox, so he was completely immunized.He then repeated these experiments (which today would land him directly in jail for reckless endangerment) with 22 other people, none of whom suffered serious illnesses or died. The effectiveness of the vaccination was demonstrated.
5. Analysis and result
After all the experiments and finally approving his method. Edward Jenner discovered that infecting a person with cowpox protects them against human smallpox infection.So his hypothesis was right: The milder infection can protect you against the lethal one.
6. conclusion
This is how the first vaccine in history was created. Thanks to this vaccine, the lives of millions of people were saved and around the year 1890 the smallpox disease was eradicated worldwide.
THANKS!