Timeline of Israel-Hamas War

2008

Israel attacks Gaza

2017

U.S. recognizes Jerusalem as capital

2022

Netanyahu sworn in for sixth term

2006

Hamas elected in Gaza

2014

Hamas kills three Israeli teenagers

2018

Protests in Gaza

2023

Israel says it’s ‘at war’ after Hamas attack

Events Leading Up to the Israeli-Hamas War

ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT

2000

Second Infifada

The New Government of Gaza

Hamas Elected

• Israel withdraws its troops from Gaza in 2005
• Palestinian militant group Hamas wins legislative electionsin 2006...leads to political strains with the more moderate Fatah party controlling the West Bank
• Fatah recognizes Israel....Hamas does not
• Israel imposes a 16-year blockade on Gaza
• Limits mobility of goods and people in and out of the territory
• Deepens Gaza’s humanitarian crisis, the United Nations says. Most Gazans live in refugee camps and rely on U.N. rations.
• The West Bank, home to 3 million Palestinians — and more than a half-million Jews living in settlements deemed illegal under international law — is occupied by Israel and subject to its military administration.
• In a 2022 report, Amnesty International said it analyzed “Israel’s intent to create and maintain a system of oppression and domination over Palestinians,” including through “territorial fragmentation; segregation and control; dispossession of land and property; and denial of economic and social rights.” The group concluded: “This is apartheid.”

Hamas kills three Israeli teenagers

• Hamas militants kill three Israeli teenagers kidnapped near a Jewish settlement in the West Bank
• Prompts Israeli military response
• Hamas answers with rocket attacks from Gaza
• A seven-week conflict leaves more than 2,200 Palestinians dead in Gaza and 73 dead on the Israeli side.

Israel attacks Gaza

• Israel begins three weeks of attacks on Gaza after rocket barrages into Israel by Palestinian militants, who are supplied by tunnels from Egypt
• More than 1,110 Palestinians and at least 13 Israelis are killed.

US Recognizes Jersusalem as Capital

• The Trump administration recognizes Jerusalem as the capital of Israel
• Announces plans to shift the U.S. Embassy from Tel Aviv, stirring outrage from Palestinians

2018

Protests in Gaza

• Protests take place in Gaza along the fence with Israel
• Demonstrators hurl rocks and gasoline bombs across the barrier
• Israeli troops kill more than 170 protesters
• In November, Israel stages a covert raid into Gaza
• At least seven suspected Palestinian militants and a senior Israeli army officer are killed
• Gaza, fired hundreds of rockets into Israel

SECOND INTIFADA

• Riots broke out following a visit by right-wing Israeli political figure Ariel Sharon (later prime minister) to the al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem
• A place sacred to Judaism, Christianity and Islam
• Clashes and other violence continue until 2005, leaving hundreds dead on both sides.

• Netanyahu is sworn in again as Israeli prime minister
• His sixth term
• Elevates far-right politicians into powerful seats
• Most far-right government in Israeli history
• Critics say has begun to crush any prospect of a two-state solution.
• It’s the most pro-settler government
• Some members encouraged an expansion in settlement activity in occupied Palestinian territories
• Settler violence against Palestinian civilians, with settlers emboldened by the government, surges too.

Netanyahu sworn in for sixth term

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