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Barbara Johnson
Are antibiotics still effective?
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Barbara Johnson

Are antibiotics still effective?

Researchers found that many antibiotics recommended by the World Health Organization(WHO) were less than 50 % effective in treating childhood infections such as pneumonia, sepsis (bloodstream infections) and meningitis. (Murez, 2023)

Summary

An article published in US News & Global Report entitled Many Antibiotics No Longer Work Against Common Childhood Infections reports that "Many antibiotics long used to treat common childhood infections are no longer effective because of antibiotic resistance."(Murez, 2023). Antibiotic resistance occurs when the drug that are given to kill disease cease to do so due to the natural occuring process of antimocribial resistance.The article discusses the need for updated perameters for antibiotic use and the development of new antibiotic medications. "The WHO considers antimicrobial resistance (AMR) a top 10 global public health threat" and "WHO's most recent global antibiotic guideline was published in 2013." (Murez, 2023). This greatly affects the population of not only the United States, but also of the entire world. This places the future of healthcare in a desperate state as the treatment of infectious diseases becomes uncertain.

Centers for Disease Control, 2022
UK Health Security Agency, 2021
  • "Misusing and overusing different antibacterial agents in the health care setting as well as in the agricultural industry are considered the major reasons behind the emergence of antimicrobial resistance."(Dadgostar, 2019)
  • "Infection with AMR leads to serious illnesses and prolonged hospital admissions, increases in healthcare costs, higher costs in second-line drugs, and treatment failures" (Dadgostar, 2019)
  • "Gentamicin is commonly prescribed alongside aminopenicillins, which also had low effectiveness in fighting bloodstream infections in babies and children." (Murez, 2023)
  • New medication development is needed for the treatment of those with antimicrobial resistance.

Implications to the public

Ensuring infection control and the adherence and administration of medication assists in management of the use of microbial agents.
Informing the community about of the prevalence of communicable diseases and informing parents of best practices in preventing the spread of infection can assist in mitigation. Reporting statiscal data to local health departments supports the community.

Assurance

Policy development

Assessment

Proper assessment of the home, school, and community environment can assist the nurse in determining if there is a perceived threat of avoidable infections. This aids in preventative care and notification of ongoing infection trends.

Response needed

Nurses play an integral role in providing patients with the understanding of how to stop the spread of germs. The promotion of healthy hand hygeine practices and the proper covering of noses and mouths aids the nurse in teaching the important role each of us play in germ prevention.

Prevention

Promotion

Nurses promote the effectiveness of proper medication adherence of antibiotic medication. They ensure that the patient is informed of how often to take the medication and to complete the entire cycle of medication, even though the patient may feel better.

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Nurses inform patients of the necessities to maintain optimal health. These include getting enough sleep each night, eating a healthy diet, and achieving the proper amount of exercise.

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Protection of health

Until scientist develop new antibiotic medication, it is the role of doctors to prescribe the proper medication available for the underlying disease. Doctors should refrain from prescribing unnecessary antibiotic medication unless the appropriate indications are present. The nurse's role is ensuring that each patient understands the proper medication regimen and answering any questions that the patient may have. Nurses should additionally request that patients follow up if the medication is not aiding in the recovery of the illness.Hopefully, new medications will soon be developed. Perhaps the answer lies in the useage of older medications that are not so prevelantly used being reinstated until said newer medications are developed.

Conclusion

Dadgostar, P. (2019, December 20). Antimicrobial resistance: Implications and costs. Infection and drug resistance. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6929930/

UK Health Security Agency. (2021, November 19). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)- What does it mean and why it matters [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MENdrA8B0N4

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, October 5). How antibiotic resistance happens. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/about/how-resistance-happens.html#:~:text=Antimicrobial%20resistance%20happens%20when%20germs,is%20a%20naturally%20occurring%20process.

Murez, C. (2023, November 1). Many antibiotics no longer work against common childhood infections. US New & World Report. https://www.usnews.com/news/health-news/articles/2023-11-01/many-antibiotics-no-longer-work-against-common-childhood-infections

References

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