Language and the brain

Topic: Language and the Brain Subject: Linguistics Students: Esli Arturo Villegas Campos Katherine Karina Montano Vásquez

In this presentation we are going to facilitate the understanding of which hemisphere and areas of our brain help us understand and to speak language. In addition, we will mention some of the common and minor language production difficulties, as well as the most serious difficulties in the language related to damage in the brain.

introduction

Neulolinguistics is the study of how the brain have important relationship with language. Parts of our brains are involved in language, they are crucial for the production of the speech as well as for the understanding og language.

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brainy language processing

That means that some damage in the Broca's area, will lead to difficulty to producing speech.

This part of the brain is aslo known as the "anterior speech cortex" and is linked to producing spoken language.

BROCA'S AREA

It is also known as the posterior speech cortex. This part of the brain is close to the auditory cortex (which helps to process what we hear) so, as a result, Wernicke's area is important for speech comprehension.

wernicke's area

Part of the motor contex controls the articulatory muscles.

This part of the brain is involved in the control of the movement of the muscles.

motor cortex

The arcuate fasciculus is a bundle of nerve fibers. This part of the brain is the connection between the Broca's area and the Wernicke's area

ARCUATE FASCICULUS

motor cortex

In order to physically articulate the word, a signal is sent to:

the Broca's area

Preparations are made to generate the spoken version via:

the arcuate fasciculus

Then, it is transferred via:

the Wernicke's area

The word is heard and comprehended via:

involved in hearning a word, understanding it and saying

Brain activity

If you make a slip of the tongue, you make a small mistake when speaking.

Slip of the tongue

It is an error of misperception in listening, a word or phrase with a similar sounding word

Slip of the ear

Changing a word for a similar but inappropiate one.

Slip of the brain

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when you know something but cannot remember it at then time you are speaking

Tip of the tongue

example

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minor production difficulties

It language is not acquired during this time, it will be almost impossible to learn language later on.

It lasts from birth to puberty.

There is a period in which the brain is most ready to learn a language, it occurs during the childhood and is called "the critical period"

LANGUAGE GROWTH

BRAINY DISORDERS

example

• Reduced amount of speech
• Distorted aticulation
• Difficulty when forming sentences

People who suffer this type of disorder have:

expressive aphasia

broca's aphasia

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People who suffer this type of aphasia they have difficulties at understanding language, and even though they can be fluent at speaking, the words they say don't make sense.

RECEPTIVE APHASIA

WERNICKE'S APHASIA

Associate with damage in the arcuate fasciculus. It is characterized by mispronuncing words.

CONDUCTION APHASIA

To conclude, the human brain has specific parts that are linked to language processes, such as speaking and understanding. We also learned that there's an specific time when the brain is more sensitive to acquire language (critical period). And finally, since the crucial relationship between brain and language, injury on the brain can lead to significant language difficulties.

Conclusion

Wernicke's Area: Location and Function (simplypsychology.org) https://www.linguisticsociety.org/resource/neurolinguistics

references

THANK YOU

Example: he heard “great ape” but actually the speaker said “gray tape”

Transferring information about language between the Wernicke's and Broca's areas.

Arcuate fasciculus

function of

For example saying "Do you want some pop porn?" instead of "Do you want some pop corn?"

The motor cortex receives information fron the Boca's area and control the muscles of the face, jaw, tongue, and larynx in order to move to form speech.