UN-ID World Calendar

Around the World Calendar on History, Customs, Festivals and Celebrations

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LTTE 1 - POLAND - Jelenia Góra

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Zespol Szkol Technicznych MechanikJelenia Góra, POLAND

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LTTE 2 - ITALY - Noto

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Istituto Magistrale Matteo Raeli Noto, ITALY

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LTTE 3 - PORTUGAL - Porto

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Escola Básica de Rio TintoGondomar, PORTUGAL

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LTTE 4 - MACEDONIA - Prilep

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SOU "Gjorce Petrov”Secondary school (MK)Prilep, MACEDONIA

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LTTE 5 - TÜRKIYE - Zonguldak

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T.C. KDZ.EREGLI KAYMAKAMLIGI IBRAHIMSUHEYLA IZMIRLI FEN LISESI, Zonguldak, TÜRKIYE

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LTTE 6 - ROMANIA - Moreni

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Colegiul National "Ion Luca Caragiale", Moreni, ROMANIA

"THIS PROJECT HAS BEEN FUNDED WITH SUPPORT FROM THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION. THIS PUBLICATION REFLECTS THE VIEWS ONLY OF THE AUTHOR, AND THE COMMISSION CANNOT BE HELD RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY USE WHICH MAY BE MADE OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN."​ ​

Italian Republic Day is an Italian national celebratory day established to remember the birth of the Italian Republic. It is celebrated every year on 2 June, the date of the institutional referendum of 1946, with the main celebration taking place in Rome. The Italian Republic Day is one of the Italian national symbols.

Italian Republic Holiday

The Day of the All-Slavic educators and teachers or The Day of the Holy brothers Cyril and Methodius – is a national Macedonian holiday which is celebrated on May 24th. The holiday is in honor of St. Cyril and St. Methodius, the founders of the first Slavic alphabet - Glagolitic. The day of the Macedonian Saints has been declared a national holiday. Starting from the 1960s, every year in Rome this holiday is traditionally celebrated with a visit of a state and church delegation from Macedonia which pays homage to the grave of the all-Slavic educator St. Cyril in the Church "St. Clement." This is preceded by an official visit to the Vatican and the Pope. The head of the Macedonian Orthodox Church officiates with a prayer on the tomb of St. Cyril.

The Day of the Holy brothers Cyril and Methodius

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Apparition of Virgin Mary

On 13 May 1917, three shepherd children reported seeing a woman "brighter than the sun, shedding rays of light clearer and stronger than a crystal goblet filled with the most sparkling water and pierced by the burning rays of the sun." The Sanctuary of Fátima annually welcomes hundreds of thousands of pilgrims and tourists. Many come to participate in the celebrations that commemorate the apparitions of Our Lady of Fátima. 13th May 2000, Pope John Paul II visited Fátima to beatify the witnesses Francisco and Jacinta.

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According to Macedonian tradition, the celebration of the Christmas holidays begins on January 5th. The first one is called Kolede. During this holiday, nowadays and in the past in the villages and towns in all parts of Macedonia, larger or smaller groups of people gather around fires and sing songs. In this way the evil spirits are "expelled" from the earth. The next day, on the great Christian holiday of Christmas Eve, little children go to their neighbors' homes, knock on doors, and sing carols. According to tradition, the hosts treat them with cakes, nuts, candy, apples and small change.

Kolede

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Turkish people startedv their struggle for freedom at 19 May 1919. 19 May is celebrated as a youth and sports festival all over Turkey .

Youth and Sports Day

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St. Peter is celebrated on 29 June, also with popular festivals in various parts of the country, such as Sintra and Évora, both on the World Heritage list. In all these festivals, there is also the tradition of jumping the bonfire and offering your girlfriend or boyfriend pots of aromatic basil, containing four-line verses often speaking of love, especially because these feasts are linked to the summer solstice and ancient fertility rites. During the day, there are processions, pray, and religious rituals. It is customary for people to eat sardines, baked with the typical Broa de Avintes, a type of corn bread made in the nearby village of Avintes. There is plenty of fireworks, too.

St Peter's Day

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The 3rd of May is a very important holiday for the modern Polish state, as it marks the date of the official proclamation of the Polish Constitution – the second oldest one in the world and the oldest one in Europe. It was acclaimed in 1792, shortly before the final partitinoing of Poland.

Constitution Day

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The 1st of March means the beginning of the spring season, but for the Romanians it is closely related to the tradition of offering March trinkets, an ancient symbol that celebrates the changing of seasons and the rebirth of nature. The March trinket is made of two twisted wool or silk threads, one white and one red, to which a craft object is attached, to be given to ladies and young ladies on the first day of spring. They will wear it hanging on their chest for one or more days. It is said that the March trinkets are carriers of luck and happiness, that's why other symbols of luck, such as four-leaf clovers, a horseshoe or a heart are added to this string which is tied in the form of a bow.

The March Trinket‘s Day

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Freedom Day

is a national holiday in Portugal, with official commemorations. It celebrates the 1974 Revolution that ended the dictatorship and started a democracy. It also commemorates the first free elections that took place a year later on April 25th 1975

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On the 1st of December 1918, the Great Union took place, when all the historic provinces inhabited by Romanians (The Kingdom of Romania, Bukovina, Bassarabia and, eventuallly, Transylvania) were united at last into one country with the name of Romania (Great Romania).

The Victory of the Revolution‘s Day

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The Republic of Turkey was established by Atatürk and his friends at 29 October 1923. On October 29,the anniversary of establishing of the republic is celebrated with great enthusiasm throughout the country with various events.

Republic Day

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Vodici is called the day when, according to Christian tradition, St. John the Baptist baptized Jesus Christ in the Jordan River. Today, traditionally, in Macedonia in almost all towns and villages, local priests throw the cross into some larger water - river, lake or pool, and people jump and swim into the water trying to catch the cross. It is believed that on this day all the waters are healing and also the one who finds the cross will be happy and in good health trough the next year. This ritual symbolizes the entry of Christ into the Jordan River.

Vodici

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The Turkish great Atatürk died at 10 November 1938. On November 10, we commemorate Atatürk throughout the Turkey with respect and gratitude.

Commemoration Day of ATATÜRK.

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The opening date of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey is, 23 April 1920. It was given as a holiday to the children of the world by the great leader Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK. April 23 is celebrated every year as a festival withchildrens we host from many countries.

National Sovereignty and Children‘s Day

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This holiday commemorates Independence Restoration Day, when on December 1, 1640, Portugal regained the sovereignty it had lost to Spain 60 years earlier. The holiday was established in 1910, one of the first measures approved in the First Republic, due to its great symbolism.

Independance Restoration Day

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Ilinden has a special significance for the history of the Macedonian people, because the Uprising against Ottoman rule started on Ilnden (August 2nd) in Krushevo – a small Macedonian town. This Uprising, gave the Macedonians their first independent Republic in the history, which only lasted for 10 days. The President and the Government organize various festivities at several locations throughout Macedonia. The most authentic event for Ilinden is the traditional festival „10 days of Krushevo Republic“. During this festival the whole town is in the spirit of the year 1903, the people wear traditional costumes from that period, some of them ride horses to the place of the battle, women prepare traditional food, and there are concerts and many other interesting performances which nowadays attract tourists from all parts of the country

Ilinden, or The Day of St. Ilija

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Labor Day on May 01th is a national holiday in Italy, with official commemorations. The first May Day celebration in Italy took place in 1890. It started initially as an attempt to celebrate workers' achievements in their struggle for their rights and for better social and economic conditions. May Day is now an important celebration in Italy and is a national holiday regardless of what day of the week it falls. The 1st of May Concert", organized by Italian labour unions in Rome in Piazza di Porta San Giovanni in Rome has become an important event in recent years.

LABOUR DAY

A national holiday in Portugal and a very important festivity for many Roman Catholic countries. From North to South, the Portuguese celebrate November 1st by joining family and friends to honour the loved ones who have passed.

All Saints' Day

The event that took place on this specific date, the 24th of January 1859, is known as the Small Union, which represents the election of Alexandru Ioan Cuza as the sole leader of Moldavia and Wallachia and thus, the unification of the two. It was the first step that took our ancestors closer to fulfilling their desire of uniting the three principalities, Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania, therefore this day carries a big significance for us, Romanians and it is celebrated every year

The Day of the Union-The Small Union

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The 1st of June represents the Child's Day, the day when all children feel good, receive gifts, have fun together. The Child's Day means joy for children, colourful balloons, toys, sweets, new clothes, games and amusements in parks, new friends, generosity, love, innocence, purity, tenderness, painting, dances, walks, drawings on the asphalt, movies, wishes, congratulations. On this day, each of us remembers the beautiful moments of childhood, thinking back to the past or reliving it through the child’s eyes.

Child's Day

Portugal Day, officially known as Day of Camões, Portugal, and the Portuguese Communities, commemorates the death of Luís de Camões on June 10th 1580. It is Portugal's National Day. Camões wrote the Lusiads, Portugal's national epic celebrating the country's history and achievements. While it is only officially celebrated in Portugal, Portuguese descendants across the world may also celebrate the holiday. The Lusiads focuses on the Portuguese explorations in the 16th century, which greatly expanded the influence of Portugal. The poem is considered to be the most important piece of Portuguese literature and has become a symbol for the glory of the Portuguese nation.

Portugal's National Day

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Saint Anthony of Padua (August 15th 1195 – June 13th 1231) was a Portuguese Catholic priest and Franciscan friar who became a saint in 1232 and was made a Doctor of the Church in 1946. Also known as Anthony of Lisbon, he is the patron saint of the city as well as the patron saint of people who lose things and of children. Festivities in his honour start on the evening of June 12th with a display of walking groups of singers and musicians, who parade along the Avenida da Liberdade. The celebration continues the next day with more processions and traditional dancing.

St. Antony´s Day

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Most Poles recognise this holiday (also known as the “Three Kings’ Day”) by writing in chalk over their front doors, the year plus the initials of the three monarchs that followed the star (so for instance 2023 K+M+B, after Kacper, Melchior and Baltzar – the Polish names for Casper, Melchior and Balthasar).

The Epiphany

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From October 5, 1910, Portugal stopped being a monarchy and became a republic. This is how the day of the Establishment of the Republic is celebrated.The core objective of the new regime was the separation of church and state. In other words, from that date forward, there were no longer monarchs governing the country, the flag, the anthem and the political regime changed.

Republic Day

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On 11th of November 1918 Poland declared independence after 123 years of foreign oppression and partitioning. This date commemorates the rebirth of the Polish state, and as such, it is celebrated by Poles, as above all we value our freedom and independence. This day is also celebrated on a Governmental level as well as by various political and non-political groups. Patriotic marches are to be expected, especially in larger cities.

Independence Day

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This tradition is kept alive, mostly thanks to the people from Galicnik. Starting on Petrovden in 1963, an annual event began in the village of Galichink where a bride and a groom are married according to traditional marriage rituals and practices. Each year a couple that chooses to be a part of this well-known wedding is chosen. During the ceremony, the mountain echoes the sounds of drums and the yelp of zurla (traditional instrument similar to oboe); people sing old folk songs and dance well known folk dances. The beauty of the wedding is complemented by the traditional clothes of the groom, as well as the well-known Galichnik dress of the bride, made by tailors with filigree precision and accuracy. You should see in person this wedding that is accompanied with ancient customs. It is a wedding that you will not experience anywhere else.

Galichnik wedding, St. Peter’s Day

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Independence day in North Macedonia is celebrated on 8th September. If 8th September falls on a weekend, a different day is usually proclaimed to observe the holiday. This holiday is North Macedonia's National Day and is known in Macedonian as 'Den na nezavisnosta'. This holiday marks the date of the 1991 Referendum for Independence.

North Macedonian Independence Day

On the 9th of May 1877, Romania declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire and on the 10th of May the Proclamation of Independence id signed by Carol, the ruler of the country. However, this was not officially recognised, so on the same day, the Romanians went to war alongside Russia against the Ottoman Empire to win its independence from the Ottoman Empire On 10th of May 1881, King Carol I was crowned. Before this event, the constitution from 1866 was amended in order to specify, among other things, that Romania, from there on, shall be named The Kingdom of Romania, whilst its ruler shall be given the title of king

Independance Day - The Kings‘ Day or the Monarchy‘s Day

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São João festival originated has a pagan festivity back in the 14th century as a celebration and thanks to the sun God for a good harvest and abundance.All in all, in its many incarnations, this festival has been celebrated in Porto for about 700 years and it is truly part of the city’s identity.The party starts early in the afternoon of 23 June and usually lasts until the morning of 24 June. A tradition with roots in pagan courtship rituals is for people to hit each other either with garlic flowers or soft plastic hammers. Traditional attractions of the night include street concerts, dancing parties, jumping over flames, eating barbecued sardines, Caldo Verde and meat, drinking wine and releasing illuminated flame-propelled balloons over Porto's summer sky.

St John's Day

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On the 1st of December 1918, the Great Union took place, when all the historic provinces inhabited by Romanians (The Kingdom of Romania, Bukovina, Bassarabia and, eventuallly, Transylvania) were united at last into one country with the name of Romania (Great Romania).

The Great UnionRomania's national Day

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This joint religious and State holiday happens to commemorate two important events – the Assumption of Mary, mother of Jesus, and the Armed Forces Day, instated after the victory of the Polish armed forces over the Soviet army in 1920.This victory is often called Cud nad Wisłą – the miracle on the Wisła river. As this victory was a real miracle. This is a Nationwide celebration, with military parades happening across the country, while many Polish Catholics make a pilgrimage to Częstochowa where the Holy Image of Our Lady of Częstochowa is to be found.

Assumption of the blessed Mary / Armed Forces Day

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