Carnivals around the world

World's GREATEST

By: Aranza Garduño López, María Fernanda Hernández Guzmán, Noely Ilyana Suárez Legorreta & César Vega De Luna.

INTRO

Carnivals are celebrated in countries of Christian tradition and in particular in those of Catholic rite. Carnival is derived from the Latin carnem levare (remove meat), since it indicated the banquet that was held on the last day of the carnival just before the period of abstinence and fasting of Lent. Generally attributed to the needs of the population and especially to the lower social classes; a period dedicated entirely to the fun of the festivities.

The Venice Carnival

Río de Janero

Mardi Gras

The Fallas of Valencia

INDEX

VENICE

INFO

Citizens who wore masks and costumes could totally conceal their identity and thus cancel any form of belonging social classes, sex, and religion. Jugglers, acrobats, musicians, dancers, shows with animals and various other performances. In the eighteenth century the carnival of Venice reaches its maximum splendor.

BAUTA

It consists of a black cloak called tabarro, a black tricorn hat and a particular white mask whose particular shape ensures the possibility of drinking and eating without having to remove it, thus guaranteeing total anonymity.

MORETTA

Consisting of a small mask of dark velvet that stood on the face through an internal button to hold with the mouth, which is why it was also called mute servant.

Commedia dell'arte

Arlecchino, pantalone, brighella e colombina.

VOLO DELL'ANGELO

Born in the mid-sixteenth century when a young Turkish acrobat managed with the help of a barbell to get to the bell tower of San Marco walking over a long rope that started from a boat anchored on the pier of the square in the descent reached the balcony of the palace.

VOLO DELLA COLOMBINA

In 1759 the performance ended in tragedy when the acrobat crashed to the ground among the horrified crowd. From this moment on, the acrobat a replaced with a large wooden dove that on its way freed flowers and confetti on the crowd and the name then became the Volo della colombina.

MORE INFO

Because of the French & Austrian occupation the masquerades were completely forbidden. As a result, the carnival declined quickly. In 1979 the Venice Carnival officially rose from its ashes. In 2001 the Carnival used once again the old formula of the flight of the angel replacing the dove with an artist secured with a metal cable and ending his descent in Piazza San Marco. The 2024 carnival will last 18 days.

Festa delle Marie

It was customary to bless 12 future brides chosen among the poorest and most beautiful of the city. To contribute to the dowry of these brides, patrician families of Venice were involved with donations, and it was customary for the Doge (head of state) to lend the girls the splendid jewels and oils coming from the city’s treasury.

Festa delle Marie

The Carnival opens every year with the procession. There are twelve girls from 18 to 28 years, who will be chosen in a rose of 80-90 girls a week before the start of Carnival.

REMARKABLE CANDY

a) Frittelle.

REMARKABLE CANDY

b) Galani, prepared for the first time in Roman times; were produced on the Saturnalia.

VALENCIA

HISTORY

The origin of “las Fallas” comes from an old carpenter’s tradition who, when celebrating the arrival of spring on 19th March, used to burn pieces of wood, parots, that were used to prop up their lights during the winter. To this bonfire it gradually started to have old belongings and rags, which gave the wooden structure a human-looking aspect, until they became the ninots that we know today. The Ninots have a sense of humour and irony that are a signature aspect of the Valencian sense of humor.

TRADITIONS

The Fallas are celebrated for 19 days in March, from the 1st to the 19th March The “falleros” are the artists behind the Fallas and they are also in charge of decorations for premises, floats for shops and fairs. These guilds made up of: painters, sculptors and carpenters are called “artisans fallers” who work all year round creating these works of art, an activity that becomes a source of employment for the city.

TRADITIONS

The “casal fallero” is the meeting place for each of the fallas commissions. It also has a children's commission that places its own falla composed of fantastic characters from the world of children. The fallero dresses in a torrentí and saragüell suit, consisting of long striped pants, a silk or linen shirt, a vest, black shoes and socks or labrador espadrilles. The fallera dresses in an 18th century Valencian farmer's dress with three bows or in a gardener's dress with a single bow and farmer's espadrilles.

IMPORTANT DATES

Mascletà: 1st to 19th The name comes from “masclet” the fireworks that explode loudly when the Fallera Mayor declares: “Senyor pirótecnic pot començar la mascletà” (“Mr. Pyrotechnic, the mascletà can start now”). The Plantà: March 15th The day the monuments are set up and finished by the morning of 16th.

IMPORTANT DATES

Award-giving: March 17th The people and the falleras mayores take part in a procession towards Plaza del Ayuntamiento in the morning to pick up their prizes. They set more than 750 monuments. Fireworks and the Nit del Foc: March 15th to 19th These nights, at midnight, the sky is full of fireworks at Alameda. The Nit del Foc has a special and unique set of fireworks to welcome the 18th.

IMPORTANT DATES

The Flower Ofrenda: March 17th and 18th People gather at the Plaza de la Virgen to offer the Virgen de los Desamparados a flower offering, the patroness of Valencia. Takes place from 4pm until de night. The Cremà: March 19th All the Fallas must be burn. The Cremà route starts from 8pm beginning with the smaller Fallas and at 10pm the bigger ones except for the 1st prize-winner which is burned at 10:30 pm

nEW orleans

MARDI GRAS

GALLERY

rÍO DE JANEIRO

The Carnival celebrations coincide with the Catholic liturgical calendar wich includes the season of Lent, which commonly passes in February or March. To prepare for more than a month of restriction, celebrations like Carnival invite benevolence.

The first Carnaval celebration in Río was in 1840, but i´ts origin dates back to 1650's, and it comes from a portuguese festivity caled "Entrudo". Though it's very famous because of the particular dance style, it wasn´t until 1917 that Samba was introduced to this festivity.

Hystory

Batucada is a african-brazilian music genre that is made with percusion instruments. It's name comes from "batuque" in the Yoruba dialect.Because of it's origins, Batucada was considered a crime and it was punished with jail. It wasn't until 1930 that Batucada and Samba became Cultural Heritage of Brazil.

Batucada and Samba

Enjoying the True Spirit of Carnival The costumes are designed in accordance with the theme shown by the samba school in the parade. The school is divided into a few “Alas” or wings, and each wing should use a specific costume for its functionality. Each school is responsible for the construction and design of its own Costumes.

Costumes

The Sambadrome is the epicenter of samba during the Rio de Janeiro Carnival. Locals and tourists in the stadium watch as the top samba schools perform for the title along Marques de Sapucai avenue.

Sambadrome and the floats

• All about the Fallas. a UNESCO heritage festival. (2017). Visit Valencia. https://www.visitvalencia.com/en/events-valencia/festivities/the-fallas#:~:text=ORIGIN%20OF%20THE%20FALLAS%E2%80%8B,their%20lights%20during%20the%20winter
• Carnevale di Venezia. (2023). https://carnevale.venezia.it/
• OkayRelax. (2023, 8 mayo). What is the Rio de Janeiro Carnival and why is it celebrated? | Amphy blog. Amphy Blog. https://blog.amphy.com/what-is-the-rio-de-janeiro-carnival-and-why-is-it-celebrated/https://www.nationalgeographic.es/historia/carnaval-nueva-orleans-mardi-gras
• Pennypedia (2021). Il Carnevale di Venezia. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hly5kpnjlZ4
• Photo, G. H. A. (2023). Desfiles, elaborados disfraces y el máximo exponente del mundo de los pasteles son las señas de identidad de esta emblemática fiesta nacida en Nueva Orleans. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.es/historia/carnaval-nueva-orleans-mardi-gras
• Photo, G. H. A. (2023b). Desfiles, elaborados disfraces y el máximo exponente del mundo de los pasteles son las señas de identidad de esta emblemática fiesta nacida en Nueva Orleans. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.es/historia/carnaval-nueva-orleans-mardi-gras
• Sambodromo | Rio Neighborhoods | RioCarnaval.org. (s. f.). https://www.riocarnaval.org/rio-neighborhoods/sambodromo
• VAdmin. (2021). Batucada. Percuforum. https://www.percuforum.com/blog/2021/05/26/batucada/

References