oneirology
Anele Franqueira Lam
Created on September 26, 2023
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Transcript
NBE3CE.2
Anele Franqueira Lamas
Oneirology andThe marrow thieves
Bibliography
Example 2
How much sleep do you need?
Stages of sleep
Example 4
Exampe 1
Sleep disturbances
Oneirology vs dream interpretation
Example 3
Tips to get quality sleep
Facts about sleep
Definitions
Index
Oneirology
Oneirology is the scientific study of dreams. It seeks correlations between dreaming and current knowledge about the functions of the brain, as well as understanding how the brain works during dreaming in relation to memory formation and mental disorders.
Dreams
Dreams are mental imagery or activity that occurs when you sleep. You can dream in any stage, but the most vivid dreams occur in REM sleep.
Oneirology Oneirology is the scientific study of dreams, which aims to quantitatively study the process of dreams.
vs
Dream interpretation Dream interpretation is focused on analyzing the meaning behind them.
NREM Stage N2
NREM Stage N1
Sleep can be broadly segmented into rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM (NREM) sleep.
Stages of sleep
Sleep stages occur in cycles lasting 90 to 120 minutes each. Four to five cycles occur during a typical night of sleep. Shifting of stages occurs over the course of the night, typically with an increased percentage of NREM sleep in the first half of the night and an increased percentage of REM sleep in the second half of the night.
REM Stage R
NREM Stage N3
Sleep deprivation can have a hugely negative impact on health. Even as little as 24 hours without sleep can cause significant mood swings, difficulty functioning, and altered perception.
Newborn babies need roughly 14 to 17 hours of sleep per day, while teenagers require about 8 to 10 hours each night. Most adults need 7 to 9 hours of sleep.
Human beings spend 1/3 of their lives sleeping, while cats spend roughly 2/3 of theirs asleep. Other animals, like koalas and bats, can sleep up to 22 hours a day.
Facts about sleep
The biggest thing we know is that sleep is just as crucial to good health as nutrition and exercise.
Higher altitudes can have a negative impact on sleep quality.
Energy levels naturally dip at two distinct times of the day: 12-2 p.m. and 8-9 p.m. This explains the post-lunch fatigue that some people feel during the middle of the day.
Facts about sleep
Sleep disturbances
Sleep disorders can have a negative impact on sleep quality, which in turn can lead to other health problems. the number of people annually who experience a sleep disorder is about 70 million.
Sleep apnea
Imsomnia
Sleep disturbances
Restless leg sindrom
Narcolepsy
Shift work disorder
How much sleep do you need?
birth to 3 months: 14 to 17 hours 4 to 12 months: 12 to 16 hours per 24 hours, including naps 1 to 2 years: 11 to 14 hours per 24 hours, including naps 3 to 5 years: 10 to 13 hours per 24 hours, including naps 6 to 12 years: 9 to 12 hours 13 to 18 years: 8 to 10 hours 18 to 60 years: 7 or more hours 61 to 64 years: 7 to 9 hours 65 years and older: 7 to 8 hours
Practicing good sleep hygiene is the best way to get quality sleep at night. Here are some ways you can improve your sleep hygiene:
Limit your nap time to no more than 20-30 minutes. There are benefits to napping. But if you nap for longer than 30 minutes, it can leave you wide awake when it’s finally time for bed.
Exercise or move your body throughout the day. Getting in at least one exercise or movement session each day is a great way to improve your sleep quality.
Spend time outside in the sun during the day. Exposing your body to natural light during the day can help maintain a healthy circadian rhythm.
Tips to get quality sleep
Create a comfortable bedroom environment. Investing in a high-quality mattress, pillow, blanket, and other relaxing bedroom items, can help you sleep better.
Limit your screen time an hour before sleeping. TVs, phones, and other electronic devices emit blue light, which can interrupt the hormones that help you fall asleep.
Avoid stimulants and certain foods before bed. Caffeine, nicotine, or alcohol before bed can interrupt your sleep, as can foods that cause indigestion or stomach upset.
Tips to get quality sleep
(page 4)
'The logo on the left side was unreadable from this distance but I knew what it said:"Government of Canada:Department of Oneirology"'
Example from the book #1
Example from the book #1
That is the first time that the word oneirology appears in the book. In Canada there are departments. One of them was the Department of Indian Affairs, which was responsible for the administration of the Indian Residential School System in Canada. In the book the author changed the name to Department of Oneirology, making reference to the dreams of all those kids and families that they were stealing by forcing the children to forget their languages, cultures and traditions.
(page 9)
"And I dreamed of North."
Example from the book #2
Example from the book #2
According to dream researcher Calvin Hall, who collected and analyzed more than 10,000 dreams, the majority of our dreams tend to reflect concerns about daily life. In this fragment of the book we can see how Frenchie dreamed about North because all he was thinking about lately was about going North.
(page 11-12)
'"You have to try to keep the goal in your head. You can't let what's not here, what's missing, you can't let that slow you down" Mom was trying (...) Another night asleep in the open.'
Example from the book #3
Example from the book #3
Dreaming about our past isn't strange, as we all have the subconscious desire to reflect on our past, reliving the good times, and soaking up the nostalgia. Dreams about our past can be one way our subconscious is reminding us of something similar to an event we've encountered before. In these pages of the book we can see how Frenchie was dreaming about a moment of the past in which he was with his mon and his brother. The author uses the dream to let us know more about what happend before the current time of the story.
(page 20)
"Dreams get caught in the webs woven in your bones. That's where they live, in that marrow there."
Example from the book #4
Example from the book #4
The author uses metaphors throughout the book. This is one of them, in which she compares dreams with the white blood cell we have in our bones.White blood cells produce antibodies to fight infections and help with other immune responses. So white blood cell are crucial for our survival. By comparing those two terms the author wants to show the importance of dreams in our life; both the ones we have when we sleep and those aspirations, goals or hopes we have for our futures.
"Why People Have Similar Dreams" verywellmind, https://www.verywellmind.com/what-do-people-dream-about-2795926
"What is oneirology?" dreamsandmithology, https://dreamsandmythology.com/what-is-oneirology/
"Everything to Know About the Stages of Sleep." Healthline, https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sleep/stages-of-sleep
"What It Really Means When You Dream About The Past." THE list, https://www.thelist.com/716883/what-it-really-means-when-you- dream-about-the-past/
"White blood cells." Healthdirect, https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/white-blood- cells#:~:text=White%20blood%20cells%2C%20also%20called%20leucocytes%2C%20detect%20and,along%20with%20red%20blood%20cells%2C%20platelets%20and%20plasma.
Works Cited
Sleep apnea
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition in which the body stops breathing during sleep. These periods of no breathing, called apnea, happen because the airways of the throat become too narrow to allow air flow. Like insomnia, this condition can negatively affect sleep quality.
Restless leg syndrome
Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder that causes an uncomfortable feeling in the legs, which occurs in the evening as bedtime approaches and when the individual is resting or trying to fall asleep. People with RLS often have trouble getting enough sleep because of their symptoms.Certain medications are FDA approved to help manage RLS symptoms. Practicing good sleep hygiene can also help relax the body before bed and make it easier to fall asleep.
Shift work disorder
Shift work disorder is a condition that commonly affects those who work outside of a regular 9-to-5 schedule. This disorder can cause an imbalance in the natural circadian rhythm, or sleep-wake cycle. People with this disorder are at a higher risk for increased daytime sleepiness and health issues.Treatment for shift work disorder includes strategic napping, avoiding stimulants like light at the correct time, and, if possible, reducing the number of hours worked. For people who sleep during the day, it can also help to use light-blocking tools like eye shades or curtains.
Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy is a chronic central nervous system disorder that causes extreme daytime sleepiness with “sleep attacks” along with poor sleep at night. Type I narcolepsy also causes cataplexy, which is a sudden, physical collapse caused by loss of muscle control.People with both type I and type II narcolepsy often experience extreme disruptions in their daily life.
Imsomnia
Insomnia is a chronic sleep condition characterized by difficulty sleeping. Some people have trouble falling asleep, others are unable to stay asleep, and some have trouble with both. Insomnia often causes excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the primary treatment for insomnia. CBT may also be combined with sleep medications, which are able to help people fall and stay asleep.
There are two phases of REM sleep. Phasic REM sleep contains bursts of rapid eye movements, while tonic REM sleep does not.Stage R occurs about 90 minutes after you fall asleep, and is the primary “dreaming” stage of sleep. Stage R sleep lasts roughly 10 minutes the first time, increasing with each REM cycle. The final cycle of stage R may last roughly between 30 to 60 minutes.