Activity 06. Timeline of mankind evolutionary stages

Development of Early Writing Systems in Mesopotamia.

6,000 B.C

Spread of Agriculture to Europe

7,000 B.C

María Alvarado A01282734Jorge Morales A01285645 David Salinas A00838212

Meltawater pulse 1A

15,000 B.C

Ecological Processes for Human Development

After the Ice Age

Development of Complex Societies in Mesopotamia

8,000 B.C

Agricultural Revolution

10,000 B.C

End of the Younger Dryas Period

12,000 B.C

Late Pleistocene

14,000 B.C

Neolithic Revolution

9,000 B.C

Beginning of the Holocene Epoch

11,000 B.C

Clovis Culture

13,000 B.C

Playford, P. E. (2004). Geology and Hydrogeology of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. En Developments in sedimentology (pp. 783-810). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0070-4571(04)80049-9

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Late Pleistocene

During this period, various megafauna species such as mammoths, mastodons, giant ground sloths, and saber-toothed cats began to disappear.

Welsh, J. (2022, 14 octubre). How European farmers spread agriculture across continent. livescience.com. https://www.livescience.com/19924-agriculture-move-north-europe.html#:~:text=Researchers%20think%20that%20agriculture%20emerged,north%20about%201%2C000%20years%20later.

Spread of Agriculture to Europe

The Neolithic Expansion into Europe marked a crucial shift in human subsistence strategies and set the stage for the development of complex societies in the region. It was a fundamental event in human prehistory, leading to the establishment of farming communities that would eventually evolve into the great civilizations of ancient Europe.

Rothman, M. (2015). Studying the development of complex society: Mesopotamia in the late fifth and fourth millennia BC. www.academia.edu. https://www.academia.edu/5835808/Studying_the_Development_of_Complex_Society_Mesopotamia_in_the_Late_Fifth_and_Fourth_Millennia_BC

Development of Complex Societies in Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia, located in the region of modern-day Iraq, is often referred to as the "Cradle of Civilization" due to its role in the emergence of advanced human societies.

Holocene | Perissodactyl. (s. f.). https://research.amnh.org/paleontology/perissodactyl/concepts/deep-time/holocene#:~:text=Holocene%20Epoch%20(11%2C700%20years%20ago%20%E2%80%93%20present%20day)&text=The%20Holocene%20is%20a%20brief,occurred%20entirely%20within%20the%20Holocene

Beginning of the Holocene Epoch

This evente represents the current geological epoch, and it represents the time since the last major glacial retreat, marking the transition from the Pleistocene epoch to the present.

Neolithic Revolution | Anthropology. (s. f.). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Neolithic-Revolution

Neolithic Revolution

This revolution marked the transition from a predominantly hunter-gatherer lifestyle to one based on farming and settled agriculture.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (1999, 4 mayo). Jethro Tull | Agricultural Revolution, seed drill & Inventor. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jethro-Tull

Agricultural Revolution

Agriculture's transformation of society led to economic expansion but also raised issues around labor and land ownership.

Lovgren, S. (2021, 3 mayo). Clovis people not First Americans, study shows. Science. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/native-people-americans-clovis-news

Clovis Culture

This culture was very prominent in the early American inhabitants where they sharpened rocks to form as spearheads for hunting.

Pinter, N., Scott, A. C., Daulton, T. L., Podoll, A., Koeberl, C., Anderson, R. S., & Ishman, S. E. (2011). The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis: A requiem. Earth-Science Reviews, 106(3-4), 247-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.02.005

End of the Younger Dryas Period

The event was a sudden and intense cold climatic event that followed the end of the last Ice Age. It lasted for approximately 1,200 years, from about 12,900 to 11,700 years ago.

Lin, Y., Hibbert, F. D., Whitehouse, P. L., Woodroffe, S. A., Purcell, A., Shennan, I., & Bradley, S. (2021). A reconciled solution of meltwater Pulse 1A sources using sea-level fingerprinting. Nature Communications, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21990-y

Meltawater pulse 1A

The ocean level rose 25 meters in height, due to various melting icebergs on different parts of the world.

Mark, J. J. (2023). Cuneiform. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/cuneiform/

Development of Early Writing Systems in Mesopotamia.

This event laid the foundation for recorded history and marked a pivotal step toward more organized communication and documentation.