Major Characteristics
Major characteristics of the behaviorism learning theory are learned through the environment. Behaviorism is classified through classical, operant and observational conditioning(Clark, 2018).
How Learning Occurs
Learning occurs when the right response is shown after the stimulus is presented. The stimulus must be created, strengthened, and sustained (Ertmer, et al., 2013).
Types of learning
Types of learning best associated with behaviorism are the use of cues, repitition, and positive reinforcement.(Ertmer, et al., 2013).
Role of Memory
The role of memory is not usually addressed by theorists. Forgetting is associated with not using the stimulus or response(Ertmer, et al., 2013)
Major Theorist
Ivan Pavlov is a major theorist associated with the behaviorism learning theory(Guercio, 2020).
Learning Theory
Behaviorism
Major Characteristics
Cognitivism is characterized by memory, reasoning, and attention(Ornstein, et al., 2016).
How Learning Occurs
Learning occurs in 3 steps. Aquisition is gaining new information. Transformation is processing new information. Evaluation determines how to information can be used or not used(Ornstein, et al., 2016)
Types of learning
Types of learning in the cognitive learning theory are focused on the processing of information. Students are given information and time to process and handle the information(Ornstein et al.,, 2016).
Role of Memory
Memory is a key component of the Cognitivism theory. Theorists discuss long-term and short-term memory. Organization and use of information affects memory. Short-term can be made into long-term memory by strong learners (Ornstein, et al., 2016)
Major Theorist
Jean Piaget is a major theorist associated with cognitivism (Mcleod, 2023).
Learning Theory
Cognitivism
Lev Vygotski is a major theorist associated with the constructivism theory.
Major Characteristics
Characteristics of constructivism are knowledge and learning.. Learning is connected to experiences and the connections(Ornstein et al.,, 2016).
How Learning Occurs
Learning occurs when meaning is created from experiences. Students are guided by the teacher.Learners create new experiences through current experiences(Ertmer, et al., 2013).
Types of learning
Metacognition means students are aware of the learning process and understand how to take knowledge and use it(Ornstein, et al., 2016)
Role of Memory
Learnes must take information and expand on it in order to continue learning. Cognitive tools are contructed and expanded on difference experiences(Ertmer, et al., 2013).
Major Theorist
Learning Theory
Constructivism
Clark, K. R. (2018, November). Learning Theories: Behaviorism. Radiologic Technology, 90(2), 172–175. Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (2013). Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism: Comparing Critical Features From an Instructional Design Perspective. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 26(2), 43–71. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1002/piq.21143 Guercio, J. M. (2020). The importance of a deeper knowledge of the history and theoretical foundations of behaviorism and behavior therapy: Part 2—1960–1985. Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice, 20(3), 174–195. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1037/bar0000178 Mcleod, S., PhD. (2023). Jean Piaget and His Theory & Stages of Cognitive Development. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html Ornstein, A. C., & Hunkins, F. P. (2016). Curriculum: foundations, principles, and issues. (7th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. ISBN-13: 9780134060354
References
