55. Independence movements Latin America

INDEPENDENCE IS HERE!

History

O1

Start

Independence Processes

Latin America

Struggles

The Struggles for Independence in Latin American Caribbean and the Nation Building Projects in South America: Exploring their Relationship with Capitalism

Intro

Causes of the independence movements

Latin American Independence

The independence movements in the Latin American Caribbean were fueled by a combination of political, social, and economic factors. The desire for self-governance and resentment towards colonial rule, along with the influence of Enlightenment ideals and the French and American revolutions, played significant roles in motivating these movements. Additionally, economic grievances, such as trade restrictions and exploitative colonial policies, further fueled the desire for independence.

transformation

First independent black republic in 1804 Economic struggles Global isolation and punitive measures imposed by European powers

Ideologies

pursuit of freedom, equality, and the end of slavery Black-nationalism and self-determination

Leaders

Toussaint Louverture

Origins

French colony of Saint-Domingue Enslaved Africans rebel

Haitian Revolution (Haiti) (1791-1804)

Independence by Colony

transformation

Mexico's formal independence from Spain in 1821

Ideologies

Enlightenment ideals

Leaders

Miguel Hidalgo José María Morelos Vicente Guerrero Agustín de Iturbide

Origins

Widespread discontent with Spanish colonial rule, social inequalities, and economic exploitation

Mexican War of Independence (Mexico)

Independence by Colony

transformation

Unity was short-lived due to regional differences and political divisions

Ideologies

Bolívar's vision combined Enlightenment ideals with the goal of economic and political unity

Leaders

Simón Bolívar "The Liberator"

Origins

Desire to break free from Spanish colonial rule

Gran Colombia (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia)

Independence by Colony

transformation

Argentina's declaration of independence in 1816

Ideologies

Enlightenment ideals and sought to establish independent republics with constitutional monarchies

Leaders

José de San Martín

Origins

Sparked by discontent with Spanish colonial rule and the desire for local self-governance

Argentine War of Independence (Argentina) (1810-1818)

Independence by Colony

transformation

Independence from Portugal in 1822

Ideologies

Enlightenment ideals Local interests Desire to maintain a monarchical system

Leaders

Dom Pedro I

Origins

Brazil's aspiration to break free from Portuguese colonial control following the Napoleonic Wars

Brazilian Independence (Brazil) (1822-1824)

Independence by Colony

Capitalism?

Latin American Independence

What role did it play?

• Desire for economic autonomy
• Rejection of mercantilist economic policies
• Aspiration to engage in global trade on more equitable terms

Intro

Was it just one big movement? Were they different? Were they the same?

What do you think?