QUIZ LIFE Carbon Farming English version

LIFE Carbon Farming

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Yes! The impacts are positive and negative depending on the type of livestock, the inputs used, the farming system… "The environmental impact of the livestock sector is significant, both negative, in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for example, and positive, for example with regard to the maintenance of permanent grassland, which benefits biodiversity and represents an important carbon sink. "The livestock sector contributes to EU GHG emissions through its effects on soil carbon stocks. For example, converting arable land to grassland or forestry increases carbon storage, while converting forestry and grassland to arable land has the opposite effect, resulting in carbon emissions. Livestock play a key role in land use, which can be positive or negative at local and global level". (European Commission)

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For more information:

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• Livestock farming and GHG emissions:

https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/news/commission-publishes-external-study-future-eu-livestock-2020-10-14_en

• Livestock farming and biodiversity:

https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/news/commission-publishes-external-study-future-eu-livestock-2020-10-14_en

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1161030117301089

• Livestock farming and carbon storage:

https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/news/commission-publishes-external-study-future-eu-livestock-2020-10-14_en

https://www.cmcc.it/article/land-use-to-solve-climate-change-a-focus-on-livestock

• Livestock farming and renewable energy production:

https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2021/Nov/IRENA_FAO_Renewables_Agrifood_2021.pdf ; page 56, données 2021

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The aim is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030, compared with 1990 levels, and to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.This goal is part of the Green Deal, a European agreement that aims to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent.

To find out more about the Green Deal for Europe:https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_fr

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Livestock production (all types and sectors combined) is responsible for 14.5% of anthropogenic GHGs globally, according to the latest report by FAO, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. It is in this context that the LIFE Carbon Farming project aims to reduce the carbon footprint of 700 European farms in six countries by 15%.

To find out more, click here:https://www.fao.org/3/i3437e/i3437e.pdf, page 13

Question 4/20

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Our newsletter and website explain these actions in more detail. Subscribe now!

To subscribe: http://eepurl.com/ilCu_f

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Question 5/20

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The LIFE Carbon Farming project involves 700 farms in six European countries: France, Spain, Italy, Ireland, Germany and Belgium. Our newsletter and website explain the distribution of these farms in more detail.Subscribe now!

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To subscribe: http://eepurl.com/ilCu_f

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An easy question, the answer was hidden in the previous explanation! Indeed, the LIFE Carbon Farming project involves 700 mixed livestock farms in six European countries with the aim of reducing their carbon footprint by 15%, while creating a financial reward system based on the result.

To subscribe: http://eepurl.com/ilCu_f

Question 7/20

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The carbon footprint of a product is the total amount of GHG generated throughout the product’s life cycle, from production to use and even recycling, when the product is no longer usable and/or discarded. For livestock operations, this is the amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly or indirectly by the operation to produce milk/meat. The unit of measurement is "kg CO2-eq". To know more:

If you want to calculate your carbon footprint:https://offset.climateneutralnow.org/footprintcalc

If you would like to find out more about low-carbon agriculture: https://ec.europa.eu/enrd/carbon-farming_en.html

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Figures for the average carbon footprint of livestock farming in Europe are not available yet, but do exist at national level in some countries. In general, data is currently being collected in several European countries through large-scale projects such as LIFE Beef Carbon, LIFE Green Sheep, LIFE Carbon Farming and Climate Farm Demo. Find out more about these projects:

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Climate Farm Demo : https://cordis.europa.eu/pro ject/id/101060212

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LIFE Green Sheep : https://life-green-sheep.eu/fr/

LIFE Beef Carbon : https://idele.fr/beef-carbon/objectifs-et-actions

LIFE Beef Carbon : https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31666147/

and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9OKQ1_sJtf8

LIFE Carbon Farming : https://www.life-carbon-farming.eu/

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Three tools are used in the LIFE Carbon Farming project. These are:

• CAP2ER: in France, Belgium, Italy, and Germany,
• AgNav in Ireland,
• BovidCO2 in Spain.

ArdiCarbon and SheepLCA are tools used specifically in the LIFE Green Sheep project.

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For more information:

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Learn more about AgNav :https://www.agnav.ie/landing

Learn more about BovidCO2 :In Spanish: https://asoprovac.com/images/AF_FLYER_BOVID_CO2_trazado__para_impresi%C3%B3n.pdf

In English: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31666147/

Learn more about CAP2ER :In French: https://idele.fr/detail-article/cap2err

In English: https://www.fao.org/partnerships/leap/news-and-events/news/detail/en/c/1253517/

Learn more about SheepLCA :https://life-green-sheep.eu/fr/le-modele-irlandais-danalyse-du-cycle-de-vie-des-elevages-ovins/

Learn more about ArdiCarbon : https://life-green-sheep.eu/fr/alberto-stanislao-atzori-vers-une-evaluation-environnementale-harmonisee-de-lelevage-ovin-au-niveau-europeen/

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The five levers identified by Chambre d'Agriculture France for reducing the carbon footprint of livestock farming are as follows:- "Adjusting inputs (concentrates, fertilisers, slurry, etc.)- Optimising herd management (age at calving, renewal rate, animal health, feed, milk thrown away, etc.)- Making the most of forage areas (grazing, meadows, etc.)- Increasing carbon storage (hedges, meadows, duration of meadows, etc.)- Change of system (organic conversion, etc.)".Other strategies exist, particularly in genetics to reduce enteric gases.

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Find out more (in French): https://chambres-agriculture.fr/actualites/toutes-les-actualites/detail-de-lactualite/actualites/reduire-son-empreinte-carbone-des-leviers-concrets/

https://idele.fr/detail-article/methabreed-reduire-les-emissions-de-methane-enterique-des-vaches-laitieres-grace-a-la-selection-genetique

For more information (in English):https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731116001440

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A carbon credit is a financial value attributed to reducing the carbon footprint of an organisation or a country. There are two types of carbon market: mandatory and voluntary. Depending on the type of market, the carbon credit can be traded, sold or resold. This financial value depends on the carbon market and the extent of the reduction in CO2 equivalent emissions.The UN defines carbon credit as: "Credit, transmissible and negotiable, which is recorded in the emissions account of a company, an institution, a country, after noting a decrease in its greenhouse gas emissions." However, the rest of the definition given, concerning the Kyoto Protocol, concerns only the mandatory carbon market.

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To find out more:https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/carbon-credit

https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/eu-emissions-trading-system-eu-ets/international-carbon-market_en

https://carboncredits.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-understanding-carbon-credits/

https://climatepromise.undp.org/news-and-stories/what-are-carbon-markets-and-why-are-they-important

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"Auditing [...] is used to assess the performance and compliance of an organisation, process or project against current standards, regulations and best practice. Two types of audit are generally used in companies: internal audit and external audit".

To find out more:In English: https://www.accountingtools.com/articles/external-audit

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/external-audit

In French: https://www.edcparis.edu/fr/blog/audit-interne-et-externe-quelles-differences

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The carbon credits issued by the farms are sold on the voluntary carbon market to companies that do not necessarily have an obligation to reduce but wish to offset their residual emissions. In the national emissions inventory, these companies cannot use these carbon credits to account for their total emissions.

To find out more:https://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/marches-du-carbone

https://agriculture.gouv.fr/protocole-de-kyoto-et-marche-carbone-europeen-comment-les-emissions-des-secteurs-de-lagrofourniture

https://offset.climateneutralnow.org/footprintcalc

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LIFE Green Sheep, LIFE Beef Carbon, LIFE Carbon Farming are three projects co-funded by the European Commission’s LIFE programme. They are also all about calculating the carbon footprint, but target different types of farms and objectives.

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LIFE Green Sheep :https://life-green-sheep.eu/fr/

LIFE Beef Carbon :https://idele.fr/beef-carbon/objectifs-et-actions

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31666147/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9OKQ1_sJtf8

LIFE Carbon Farming :https://www.life-carbon-farming.eu/

To find out more about the LIFE programme: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/fr/ip_21_6178

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The LIFE Carbon Farming project is a follow-up to the LIFE Carbon Dairy, LIFE Beef Carbon and LIFE Green Sheep projects, which have identified carbon footprint reduction practices in different types of livestock (milk, meat and sheep, respectively).The main features of LIFE Carbon Farming are the establishment of a European certification framework common to the participating countries and the long-term monitoring (5 years) of the farms involved. Finally, the establishment of a financial reward system for farmers at European level is also innovative.

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LIFE Green Sheep :https://life-green-sheep.eu/fr/

LIFE Beef Carbon :https://idele.fr/beef-carbon/objectifs-et-actions

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31666147/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9OKQ1_sJtf8

LIFE Carbon Farming :https://www.life-carbon-farming.eu/

To find out more about the LIFE programme: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/fr/ip_21_6178

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All the farms involved in the project, which aim to reduce their carbon footprint by 15%.

Structures and companies that purchase carbon credits in order to offset their residual emissions or reduce their carbon footprint throughout their value chain.*

All the structures involved in the project that have funding and are participating in the construction of the project.

* "The value chain can be defined as the precise study of the company’s activities in order to highlight its key activities"Digischool - Commerce

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• Farmers and stockbreeders = all the farms involved in the project that aim to reduce their carbon footprint by 15%. NB: there are no penalties for failing to meet this target. The farmer will simply not sell as many carbon credits as expected and will therefore receive less money at the end of the project.• Buyers and financiers = organisations and companies that purchase carbon credits to offset their residual emissions or finance low-carbon projects to reduce their carbon footprint throughout their value chain. • Partners (research centres, universities, companies, institutes, chambers of agriculture, etc.) = all of the organisations involved in the project that have funding and are participating in the running of the project.These partners receive EU funding for 55% of the total cost of the project and are self-financing for 45% of the total cost of the project.

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In the context of the project, structures that support farmers and help them to put together dossiers for carbon credits.

All the structures coordinating the project at national or international level.

All the structures that aggregate the dossiers of farms involved in low-carbon initiatives. They then sell the carbon credits to the buyers and redistribute the money to the farmers. They act as a link between farmers, advisors and project funders, and draw up contracts for these relationships.

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• The project developer = in the context of the project, entities that support farmers and help them to put together dossiers for carbon credits.• Co-ordinators = all of the bodies that co-ordinate the project at national or international level.• Aggregators = all of the organisations that aggregate the dossiers of farms involved in low-carbon initiatives. They then sell the carbon credits to the buyers and redistribute the money to the farmers. They act as the link between farmers, advisors and project funders, and arrange contracts between stakeholders.

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The LIFE Carbon Farming project includes social, economic and environmental indicators. This is one of its distinctive features.

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And yes, the duration of the LIFE Carbon Farming project is 6 years!According to the results of previous projects, a period of 6 years is sufficient time for the farmer to set up and implement complex levers and to observe concrete and significant results.

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The order in which the farms are monitored is as follows:1. Baseline, diagnosis and construction of the action plan2. Five years to take action3. Audit and certification4. Purchase of credits and remuneration

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Congratulations, you're now a LIFE Carbon Farming project expert !If you would like to find out more about carbon credits in agriculture and understand more about the figures and how the carbon market works, here is a full article:

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https://agriculture.gouv.fr/protocole-de-kyoto-et-marche-carbone-europeen-comment-les-emissions-des-secteurs-de-lagrofourniture

Go to the website

• To find out more about audits:

In English: https://www.accountingtools.com/articles/external-audit

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/external-audit

In French: https://www.edcparis.edu/fr/blog/audit-interne-et-externe-quelles-differences

Useful links:

• To find out more about the LIFE programme: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/fr/ip_21_6178

Useful links:

• Find out more about AgNav : https://www.agnav.ie/landing

• Find out more about BovidCO2 :

In Spanish: https://asoprovac.com/images/AF_FLYER_BOVID_CO2_trazado__para_impresi%C3%B3n.pdf

In English: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31666147/

• Find out more about CAP2ER :

In French: https://idele.fr/detail-article/cap2err

In English: https://www.fao.org/partnerships/leap/news-and-events/news/detail/en/c/1253517/

• Find out more about SheepLCA : https://life-green-sheep.eu/fr/le-modele-irlandais-danalyse-du-cycle-de-vie-des-elevages-ovins/

• Find out more about ArdiCarbon : https://life-green-sheep.eu/fr/alberto-stanislao-atzori-vers-une-evaluation-environnementale-harmonisee-de-lelevage-ovin-au-niveau-europeen/

• Find out more about reducing the carbon footprint of livestock farming:

In French:

https://idele.fr/detail-article/methabreed-reduire-les-emissions-de-methane-enterique-des-vaches-laitieres-grace-a-la-selection-genetique

In English: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731116001440

• To find out more about carbon credits: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/carbon-credit

https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/eu-emissions-trading-system-eu-ets/international-carbon-market_en

https://carboncredits.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-understanding-carbon-credits/

https://climatepromise.undp.org/news-and-stories/what-are-carbon-markets-and-why-are-they-important

https://chambres-agriculture.fr/actualites/toutes-les-actualites/detail-de-lactualite/actualites/reduire-son-empreinte-carbone-des-leviers-concrets/

Useful links :

• Livestock farming and greenhouse gas emissions: https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/news/commission-publishes-external-study-future-eu-livestock-2020-10-14_en

• Livestock farming and biodiversity: https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/news/commission-publishes-external-study-future-eu-livestock-2020-10-14_en

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1161030117301089

• Livestock farming and carbon storage: https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/news/commission-publishes-external-study-future-eu-livestock-2020-10-14_en

https://www.cmcc.it/article/land-use-to-solve-climate-change-a-focus-on-livestock

• Livestock farming and renewable energy production: https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2021/Nov/IRENA_FAO_Renewables_Agrifood_2021.pdf; page 56, 2021 data

• To find out more about the Green Deal for Europe: https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_fr

• For more information on livestock and GHG data: https://www.fao.org/3/i3437e/i3437e.pdf, page 13

• If you would like to calculate your carbon footprint: https://offset.climateneutralnow.org/footprintcalc

• If you would like to find out more about low-carbon agriculture: https://ec.europa.eu/enrd/carbon-farming_en.html

Climate Farm Demo : https://cordis.europa.eu/pro ject/id/101060212

LIFE Green Sheep : https://life-green-sheep.eu/fr/

LIFE Beef Carbon : https://idele.fr/beef-carbon/objectifs-et-actions

LIFE Beef Carbon : https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31666147/

LIFE Carbon Farming : https://www.life-carbon-farming.eu/