Standard Precautions

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Infection Control

Standard Precautions

Steps to Take When an Exposure Occurs

Employer Responsibilities

Standard Precautions

Exposure Defintion

Occupational Exposure

Prevention of Exposure

index

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Exposure Definition

Direct lengthy contact with a large amount of blood or other body fluids

A needle stick inury, cut, or puncture

Splashing of blood or other potentially infectious material (OPIM) into mouth, nose, eyes, and other mucus membranes

Source patient in end stage disease process

Device previously in a vein or artery

Occupational Exposure

Visible blood on the injection device

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Risk Factors

Deep Injury

Most exposure follow a percutaneous exposure AKA Through the skin

Bloodborne Pathogen Standard enacted to protect workers from occupational exposure OSHA enforces this Standard

Universal/Standard Precautions: Use with all patients!

Prevention of Exposure

Provide education on Standard Precautions and bloodborne pathogens upon hire and then yearly

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Employer Responsibilities

Categorize hospital personnel into risk categories and educate them accordingly

Engineering Controls: Design safety tools and workspace

Work Practice Controls: Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Follow Standard Precautions

Employer will have a post-exposure plan in place and make the employee aware of it

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Employer Responsibilities (continued)

Employer will make Hepatitis B immunization available free of charge

Provide PPE in appropriate sizes, at no cost to employees

Gowns, gloves, goggles, masks, eye shields. PPE must be impremeable to liquids as they are barriers!

Check antibodies at 3, 6, and 12 months

Hepatitis immunoglobulin and/or multiple durg prophylaxis for HIV exposure in some cases

Provide counseling

HIV and HBV drawn on employee and involved client (with permission

Alert Supervisor to fill out incident Report

When an exposure occurs

Wash area with an antimicrobial soap

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Follow-up Care

Allow area to bleed freely

ALWAYS KEEP EMPLOYEE CONFIDENTIALITY!

Wash hands for at least 20 seconds utilizing soap and friction rub

• After touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, and contaiminated items
• After taking off gloves
• Between Patient contact

Standard Precautions - AKA Universal Precautions

Hand Washing Information

Applies to:

• Blood
• All body fluids, excretions, secretions (except sweat - unless there is visible blood in the sweat
• Non-intact skin
• Mucus Membranes

Designed to use with all clients

Wash hands immediately after removing gloves!

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Standard Precautions (continued)

Wear mask, eye protection, or face shied when performing activities that are likely to generate splashes or sprays of body fluids, excretions, or secretions.

Remove gloves after use and before touching non-contaminated items or environmental surfaces

Handle soiled equipment carefully to prevent contamination/transfer

Clean and process reusable equipment according to facility policy

Dispose of single use equipment correctly

Soiled clothing should be carefully removed or cut off

Wash hands after removal

Standard Precautions (continued)

Remove carefully to avoid contaminating clothing

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Patient Care Equipment

Wear when soiling, spraying, or splashes are likely

Gown (should be impermeable)

Linens:

• Handle to prevent contamination of clothing and avoid transfer of organisms; wear gloves
• Bag linens at point of origin
• Use gloves to sort soiled linen - but handle as little as possible - DO NOT SHAKE!

Standard Precautions (continued)

Environmental Controls:

• Follow Procedures for routine care, cleaning and disinfection
• Remember - Hep B (HBV) can live for 7 days!

• Use resuscitation devices as alternative to mouth the mouth
• One-way valve mask
• Hands only CPR

Standard Precautions (CONTINUED)

Resuscitation

• Never recap a needle - unless using the one hand technique - then only if you must
• Never bend, break, or remove needle from syringe by hand
• Dispose of all sharps in a Sharps Container:
• Color Coded
• Puncture Resistant
• Leak Proof
• Sealable
• Containers should be replaced when 1/2 to 3/4 full

Sharps

Standard Precautions (continued)

Specimens:

• Collected in leak proof containers, placed, and transported in sealed, leak proof containers, and labeled

Biohazard:

• Biohazardous material or items containing waste must be clearly labeled

Patient Placement:

• Use private rooms for clients who contaminate environment and who cannot be expected to assit in maintaining environment
• "Clean" patients with "clean" patients
• "Infected" patients with "infected" patients

Glove up! Scoop up glass with dustpan or similar item

Clean area with approved disinfectant (1:10 bleach solution)

Place Broken glass pieces in sharps container and clean up spill

Contaiminated Sharps

Standard Precautions (continued)

Items that would release body fluids

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Spills - If Glass

Liquid or semi-liquid body fluids/items caked with body fluids

Regulated Waste

This is regardless of their age, gender, diagnosis, or whether they are under isolation for specific disease processes.

Standard precautions MUST be observed with ALL patients ALL the time!

Standard Precautions (continued)

Good job

Home

Reflect on what you have learned in this module.

Learning unit completed

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