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Transcript

matter

What is

States of matter

Classification and separation

Properties and changes

anything that has a mass and occupies a space

solid

liquid

gas

plasma

as the energy increases, particles move farther away from each other

melting

freezing

vaporization

condensation

ionization

deionization

sublimation

deposition

temperature

Classification of matter

Pure substance

Mixture

State

Substance

Heterogeneous

Compound

Homogeneous

Element

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Plasma

From where do I get it?

  • Water cycle
  • Carbon cycle
  • Nitrogen cycle

Major earth cycles

Responsabilities

Goverment

Industry

Society

Mass balance on earth

Energy flows while mass cycles in the ecosystem

  • Phosphorus cycle
  • Sulfur cycle

Abiotic reservoir

Biotic component

Lagunas de Churince, Cuatro Ciénegas Coah.

Generate sustainable regulation and provide environmental infrastructure and education

Comply to sustainable regulations and innovate in green technology

Get educated in environmental issues and get involved in political decisions

Soil, atomosphere, ocean, rocks

Producers, consumers, decomposers

Does the property depend on the amount of substance?

Can the property be observed without changing the identity of the substance?

properties of matter

yes

Chemical property

Physical property

no

Intensive property

Extensive property

no

yes

Properties that have to do with the behavior of the substance.

Property that does not change as the amount of matter changes

Property that changes as the amount of matter changes

Properties of matter determine possibleCHANGES OF MATTER

SEPARATING TECHNIQUES

How does the substance react in the presence of other substance?

  • Reactivity
  • Oxidation
  • Toxicity
  • Flammability

  • Boiling/melting points
  • Temperature
  • Color

  • Mass
  • Volume
  • Length
  • Size

Separation techniques

Process to separate mixtures of solutions into two or more mixture components. These techniques use physical properties to separate them.

Filtration

Sedimentation/ Decantation

Distillation

Magnetic attraction

Centrifugation

Resources

  • Particles vibrate slowly
  • Fixed shape
  • Fixed volume

Solid state

Is a measurement of how much matter is inside an object. It is a representation of the amount and type of atoms that makes it.

Mass

* Is measured in grams (not real mass)

Physical combination between two or more substances with an even distribution. Mixtures can be separated by physical methods.Some examples:

  • Limonade
  • Alloys (steel, bronze)
  • Air

Homogeneous

  • Particles flow
  • No fixed shape
  • Fixed volume

Liquid state

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  • Activate user tracking;
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  • Particles are ionized
  • Generated at high temperatures

Plasma state

Filtration uses a porous medium to separate solids from a liquid suspension.Property used: Particle size

Centrifugation is used to separate super suspended solids using centrifugal forces to cause sedimentation.Property used: density

Fundamental form of matter with fixed composition. Elements can only be separated by nuclear methods.Some examples:

  • Carbon (C)
  • Neon (Ne)
  • Oxygen gas (O2)

Elements

The properties of matter are useful to perform or predict changes in matter

Changes of matter

A chemical change can be identified by:

  1. Precipitation
  2. Gas production
  3. Odor change
  4. Temperature change
  5. Release of energy
  6. Color change

video

Is the amount of space an object takes up. It depends on its dimensions.

Volume

* Measured in cubic meters or liters

“Ahora sólo resta defender el 10 por ciento del humedal; pero si la inconsciencia de la gente continúa, este lugar extraordinario que guardó la historia de la vida desde sus inicios, se va a perder”, alerta Valeria Souza, investigadora del Instituto de Ecología de la UNAM. (2018)

Simple distillation separates two miscible liquids by evaporating and condensing them.Property used: boiling point

  • Particles move freely
  • No fixed shape
  • No fixed volume

Gas state

Physical combination between two or more substances with an uneven distribution. Mixtures can be separated by physical methods.Some examples:

  • Chicken soup
  • Concrete
  • Sea water

Heterogeneous

Chemical combination between elements with a definite proportion. Compounds can be separated by chemical methods.Some examples:

  • Carbon dioxide(CO2)
  • Sodium chloride(NaCl)
  • Water (H2O)

Compounds

Ferromagnetic materials such as iron, steel, cobal and nickel are separated from non-ferromagnetic materials using a magnet.Property used: magnetic attraction

Separates inmiscible liquids or insoluble solids that sink to the bottom of the container.Property used: density