01 Properties of matter
Sara Patricia Hernández Paz
Created on July 4, 2023
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Transcript
matter
What is
States of matter
Classification and separation
Properties and changes
anything that has a mass and occupies a space
solid
liquid
gas
plasma
as the energy increases, particles move farther away from each other
melting
freezing
vaporization
condensation
ionization
deionization
sublimation
deposition
temperature
Classification of matter
Pure substance
Mixture
State
Substance
Heterogeneous
Compound
Homogeneous
Element
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
From where do I get it?
- Water cycle
- Carbon cycle
- Nitrogen cycle
Major earth cycles
Responsabilities
Goverment
Industry
Society
Mass balance on earth
Energy flows while mass cycles in the ecosystem
- Phosphorus cycle
- Sulfur cycle
Abiotic reservoir
Biotic component
Lagunas de Churince, Cuatro Ciénegas Coah.
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Soil, atomosphere, ocean, rocks
Producers, consumers, decomposers
Does the property depend on the amount of substance?
Can the property be observed without changing the identity of the substance?
properties of matter
yes
Chemical property
Physical property
no
Intensive property
Extensive property
no
yes
Properties that have to do with the behavior of the substance.
Property that does not change as the amount of matter changes
Property that changes as the amount of matter changes
Properties of matter determine possibleCHANGES OF MATTER
SEPARATING TECHNIQUES
How does the substance react in the presence of other substance?
- Reactivity
- Oxidation
- Toxicity
- Flammability
- Boiling/melting points
- Temperature
- Color
- Mass
- Volume
- Length
- Size
Separation techniques
Process to separate mixtures of solutions into two or more mixture components. These techniques use physical properties to separate them.
Filtration
Sedimentation/ Decantation
Distillation
Magnetic attraction
Centrifugation
Resources
- Particles vibrate slowly
- Fixed shape
- Fixed volume
Solid state
Is a measurement of how much matter is inside an object. It is a representation of the amount and type of atoms that makes it.
Mass
* Is measured in grams (not real mass)
Physical combination between two or more substances with an even distribution. Mixtures can be separated by physical methods.Some examples:
- Limonade
- Alloys (steel, bronze)
- Air
Homogeneous
- Particles flow
- No fixed shape
- Fixed volume
Liquid state
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- Particles are ionized
- Generated at high temperatures
Plasma state
Filtration uses a porous medium to separate solids from a liquid suspension.Property used: Particle size
Centrifugation is used to separate super suspended solids using centrifugal forces to cause sedimentation.Property used: density
Fundamental form of matter with fixed composition. Elements can only be separated by nuclear methods.Some examples:
- Carbon (C)
- Neon (Ne)
- Oxygen gas (O2)
Elements
The properties of matter are useful to perform or predict changes in matter
Changes of matter
A chemical change can be identified by:
- Precipitation
- Gas production
- Odor change
- Temperature change
- Release of energy
- Color change
video
Is the amount of space an object takes up. It depends on its dimensions.
Volume
* Measured in cubic meters or liters
“Ahora sólo resta defender el 10 por ciento del humedal; pero si la inconsciencia de la gente continúa, este lugar extraordinario que guardó la historia de la vida desde sus inicios, se va a perder”, alerta Valeria Souza, investigadora del Instituto de Ecología de la UNAM. (2018)
Simple distillation separates two miscible liquids by evaporating and condensing them.Property used: boiling point
- Particles move freely
- No fixed shape
- No fixed volume
Gas state
Physical combination between two or more substances with an uneven distribution. Mixtures can be separated by physical methods.Some examples:
- Chicken soup
- Concrete
- Sea water
Heterogeneous
Chemical combination between elements with a definite proportion. Compounds can be separated by chemical methods.Some examples:
- Carbon dioxide(CO2)
- Sodium chloride(NaCl)
- Water (H2O)
Compounds
Ferromagnetic materials such as iron, steel, cobal and nickel are separated from non-ferromagnetic materials using a magnet.Property used: magnetic attraction
Separates inmiscible liquids or insoluble solids that sink to the bottom of the container.Property used: density