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Changing Times
in the 18th and 19th century United Kingdom
Bellevue's museum 
proudly presents
its latest exhibition :
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proudly presents its latest exhibition :

Bellevue's museum

Changing Times in the 18th and 19th century United Kingdom

Art critics : 4LCE students Gallery Curators : Ms Guengant & Mr De Sauza Enjoy your virtual tour !

This document is a watercolour on paper. The title of this painting is « Newcastle on Tyne » This painting was created in 1823 by Joseph Mallord William Turner. This artist was born in 1775 and he died in 1851 in Newcastle, England. The scene takes place in Newcastle. We can see a lot of people along of the river Tyne and several buildings in the background like a church and a bell. We think we can make a link with the industrial revolution with all the boats on the river and the atmosphere that emerges. We believe that the air was polluted. Maybe the workers are resting on the side of the shores. The painting is divided in two parts, the background and the foreground of the work are sad because in the background we can see a lot of factories and they make a great amount of smoke. The smoke is coming in the front and pollutes the air. In the foreground we can see the smoke coming and destroying the landscape in the foreground. The colours are warm in the foreground and cold in the background. In the Middle of the painting, the bridge is Tyne Bridge which links Newcastle and Gateshead. The artist wanted to make a realistic painting and he wanted to recreate the scene he saw in Newcastle during the industrial revolution. Newcastle was a one of the most important cities in the world at that time. There were a lot of factories, which changed the face of the city. Art critic written by Arzhel and Arthur

The name of the artist is Gustave Doré and he created this engraving named « Ludgate Hill – A block in the street ». Gustave Doré was born on 6th January 1832 in Strasbourg, France, and he died on 23rd January 1883 in Paris. He was a French illustrator, caricaturist, painter, lithographer and sculptor. In 1869, the journalist Blanchard Jerrold asked Gustave Doré to illustrate a book on London. After 180 engravings the book became a bestseller. It was criticized because people thought it showed the poor side of London. The scene of the photograph takes place during the Victorian Era, in Ludgate Hill in London. There is a block, a traffic jam, due to the crowd (a crowd of workers and bourgeois) and horses. There are some buildings. In the background, we can see Saint Paul’s Cathedral and Big ben. On this engraving there are a lot of workers and some bourgeois. The foreground is very dark, The colour black and the block are a metaphor for the working conditions in the factories. The buildings in the background are white and they represent the disinterest of the Bourgeois. There is also a steam locomotive. This engraving shows the output of the industrial revolution. It is considered as an early work of social journalism documenting the high and low societies of Victorian London. Art critic written by Antonin and Léon

(The poster d(scribed below is the 2nd photo on this website : IMDB oliver Twist TV series) The document is a poster of the TV series “Oliver Twist””. The poster was created in 2007 for the BBC One TV show which was adapted from the famous British novel written by Charles Dickens. The book Oliver Twist one of Charles Dickens' most universally known novels. It was published in thirty-two monthly serials in Bentley's Miscellany magazine, between February 1837 and April 1839, June and October 1837 excepted. In the foreground of this poster we can see a dirty child. He is approximately twelve years old. The name of the child is Oliver Twist and He is the main character. In the second plan, behind Oliver Twist, there are two men, one woman and one dog. The first man is Fagin. He has a big hat and a cane. The man is big. Then there is Nancy. Nancy has curly hair and has a dark dress, below there is a mysterious man : Bill Sikes is Nancy’s boyfriend. He is wearing a hat and long coat in the right there is a dog sit ting down. It is black and white. It is Bill Sikes’. In the foreground there is a street with a child. He has a big hat like Fagin and Bill Sikes. At the bottom of the street there is a monument. It is St Paul’s Cathedral. There are red buildings because they were built in bricks. They have turned black: they are dirty because of the soot. In the 19 Century, the street were dark. The buildings were dirty because of the soot colouring the buildings. the soot is caused by the enormous quantity of factories that developed during the industrial revolution. The street are dirty because people put their waste in the streets because they didn't have bins. Oliver Twist is dirty because the majority of children lived in poverty and the children worked in workhouses. The orphans like Oliver Twist lived and work in workhouses where the living conditions were terrible. Oliver Twist lives in a workhouse because he doesn't have a family. Charles Dickens denounces the terrible living conditions of the poor children in workhouses. Art critic written by Yann-Fanch and Kieran

The painting is an oil on canvas. It was painted by Sir John Everett Millais between 1851 and was completed in 1848. Sir John Everett Millais was born in Southampton, England, on 8th June 1829 and he died on 13th August 1896. He was a painter and illustrator. The painting in entitled "Ophélia" and it is typical of the Pre-Raphaelite paintings. The Pre-Raphaelite is an artistic movement born in England in 1848. The Victorian era started in 1837 and ended in 1901, between the Georgian and the Eduardian eras. The painting represents Ophelia, a character from "Hamlet", William Shakespeare's tragedy. Ophelia, a young woman of the Danish nobility, is promised to Prince Hamlet. The painter was inspired by the tragedy of William Shakespeare but also by the theme of sleep and death which was a central topic of the Pre-Raphaelite current. In the foreground, we can see a woman lying down in the river who seems to be dying. She looks dead because she doesn't show any expression on her face and she looks serene, ready to go and welcome death. At the bottom, we can see moss and reeds growing on the riverbank. In the top left-hand corner we can see a weepin willow and nettles that symbolize pain. In the middle, we can see flowers on Ophelia’s embroidered dress. They all symbolize something specific : - Daisies symbolize innocence - Roses symbolize youth - The pansy symbolizes unrequited love - The poppy under the hand of Ophelia symbolizes death - Violets around her neck symbolize fidelity On the canva, the colors are very dark around the character who looks very fair light in comparison. This creates a contrast between Ophélia’s complexion and water. Ophélia’ s face is pale and her dress is white and golden. The painting is kept at the Britain in London which is an art gallery. We love the painting because of the contrasts and the light is very beautiful. Art critic written by Philomène and Océane

This work of art of art is an oil painting entitled "RAIN, STEAM AND SPEED". It was painted in 1844 by ‘JMW Turner’, Joseph Mallord William Turner. He was born on 23rd April 1775 and he died in London on 19th December 1851 aged 76. He was an English Romantic painter, printmaker and watercolourist. Turner studied at the Royal Academy of Arts in London from in 1789 at 14 years old and had his first job at 15. Later, he opened his own gallery in 1804 and became professor of perspective at the academy in 1807. The work of art can be seen at the National Gallery in London. It represents an abstract vision of a locomotive crossing a bridge in a storm and the rain. The railway is one of the most powerful symbol of the Industrial Revolution, since the new mode of transport, the locomotive, strongly affected the industrial and social life. The first locomotive was invented in the year 1804 in the United Kingdom by Richard Trevithick. He was a British engineer who was the first person to invent the term locomotive. The scene takes place on a bridge and we can see a train crossing the railway. Art critic written by Eléa and Sabrina

This document is a photograph taken in sepia by Thomas Annan in 1868. The photograph is fuzzy and corners are yellow because the photograph is old. The scene takes place in the neighborhood of Saltmarket on the place Bridgegate in Old Glasgow, in Scotland. Thomas Annan took this photograph of the old Glasgow before it was leveled and rebuilt.It's a road with attached buildings and a lot of people forming a circle has it there were giving room to the photographer. This neighborhood is very unhealthy, dirty and creepy. People can be very unhappy. Facades were black of soot because factories rejected smoke in the Old Glasgow. There were many people in the road. It was overcrowded. Thomas Annan (1829-1887) is a key figure in the History of Scottish photography. This photograph was taken in the Victorian era (1837-1901). The population worked almost entirely in factories and lived in terrible conditions. Many people were poor and lived in slums. The were 27 slums in the Old Glasgow. Art critic written by Jeanne & Capucine The title of this photograph is «Saltmarket From Bridgegate». The name of the photographer is Thomas Annan. Thomas Annan was a Scottish photographer in the 19th century. He was born in 1829 and he died in 1887. He worked as a lithographer and engraver in Glasgow. In the foreground we can see a paved street and people standing in the street. There are buildings behind them. Their faces are turned to the camera. They are in movement. In the background we can see other buildings along the street and the figure of Bridgegate. The photograph is sepia-toned. Art critic written by Laura and Latifa

Today we are going to present you a painting by John William Waterhouse. The artist was born in 1849 in Rome and he died in 1917. The name of the painting is « The Lady of Shalott ». This painting is a representation of Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s poem. The work of art can be seen at the Tate Britain Museum in London. This painting was painted in 1888, durong the Victorian Era. The painter belonged to the movement of the Pre-Raphaelites which is a group who sought a return to the intense colours and complex compositions of Italian art. It’s a romantic painting and at that time the middle age was popular and painters were very inspired by this. In the middle of the painting, if you are not blind, you can see a woman with ginger hair. She’s wearing a long white dress with a black belt, a white ribbon on the head and a big collar. She is holding a chain which relates her to life, if she drops it she dies. She is also sitting in a boat on a blanket with several illustrations on it. They are about royalty with a castle, a princess, and soldiers. Talking about illustrations you can see a lot of colours but the dominant ones are red, white and green. In the background you can see trees and tall grass. On the right, in the middle, you can see three candles which symbolize the time before she dies. You can also see that two are already blown out. So, she only has one candle left. There is also a crucifix which means funerals and sacrifice. Coming back to the woman, if we see her for the first time we could say that she looks calm and peaceful. But personally we think she looks stressed and sad because she is alone. Now, we are going to have to do a little of history. As we said, this painting is a representation of the ending of Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s poem (1839) named « the Lady of Shalott ». The poem tells the tragic story of Astrola, a young woman who was stranded on a tower. She wasn’t normal at all because she had a curse upon her that prevented her from looking out into the world. We won’t do an entire summary of the poem but she died from freezing at the end. And to finish this presentation we will talk about people’s opinions on this painting: Someone said that Waterhouse really captured a sense of sorrow in this painting, in keeping with Tennyson’s poem. The facial expression and the unkept hair both give the image of a woman not in control of her own destiny. A feminist person also reacted by saying that the Lady of Shalott provides an excellent symbolic representation of the struggle faced by female artists in the Victorian Era. Art critic written by yasmine and Louisa

This document is a watercolour painting created by William Wyld in 1852. The title of the painting is « Manchester from Kersal Moor, with rustic figures and goats ». William Wyld was born on 17th January 1806 in London, England. He was a British painter. He created five famous paintings. He died on 25th December 1889. The scene of this British painting takes place during the industrial revolution in Manchester,England. At the time, the Industrial Revolution was making a big impact on the environment and landscapes. The multiplication of factories was making a huge change in the life of people and animals. Urbanization increased a lot, factories and workhouses were created. The British population increased strongly and half of the people lived in the cities. A lot of animal’s habitats were destroyed because of the urbanization, making a big impact on the environment and the different animal species. The artist represented these changes in this painting, between nature and factories, a really big change of landscapes. It represents two people (maybe a couple) sitting in an idyllic country Park (Kersal Moor) with two goats which are standing. In front of them there is a lake, a road and behind that a lot of factories. Thoses factories make a lot of smoke and the air seems very smoggy. The dominant colours are green, yellow and grey. We can imagine that the artist’s message is that factories are making the landscape ugly by creating more and more factories destroying nature. And it bothers the life of the inhabitants by noises, smells and smoke. There is maybe a sort of nostalgia of the painter, missing the time when the landscape was only nature and beauty and not factories and industrialization. We can see this painting at the Royal Gallery of Buckingham Palace in London. Art critic written by Océane and Morgane

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