2. UNIDAD 3: Fundamentación Teórico - Científica de la Ingeniería de S

Ian Cardona GaviriaKeiner AstosJuan David Mora

Fundamentación Teórico - Científica de la Ingeniería de Sistemas

XX/XX/20XX

12.¿Qué es Inteligencia Artificial?

11.¿Qué es Multimedia, Realidad Virtual, Realidad Aumentada, Animación 3D, Metaverso?

10.¿Cuál es la definición e historia de la Internet ?

07.¿Qué es la Unidad Central de Procesamiento?

09.¿Qué y cuáles son las Redes de Computadores?

08.¿Cuáles son los componentes de software de un sistema computacional?

06.¿Cuáles son los dispositivos de Entrada, salida, memoria, unidades de almacenamiento?

05.¿Cuáles son los componentes de Hardware de un sistema Computacional?

04.¿Cuál es la Definición e historia de la WWW (World Wide Web)?

03.¿Cuáles son las fuentes de información?

02.¿Cómo identificar la información requerida?

01.¿Qué es la búsqueda de la información?

TABLA DECONTENIDO

19.¿Qué es Blockchai?

18.¿Qué es el Internet de las cosas - IoT?

17.¿Qué es Big data?

16.¿Qué es Cloud Computing?

15.¿Qué es E-Commerce y Marketing Digital?

14.¿Qué es el Game Learn?

13.¿Qué es E-learning?

TABLA DECONTENIDO

01

¿Qué es la búsqueda de la información?

01.

Information searches consist of an iterative process in which a search is carried out, the results are analyzed and the search strategy is modified until the terms and information sources that provide us with the most pertinent results are identified.The search for information is important because it allows us to clear doubts e. significant learning. computer, audiovisual, including virtual classrooms, virtual encyclopedias, Google, Wikipedia and others such as press, television, documentaries.

02

¿Cómo identificar la información requerida?

1. Formulación efectiva de una pregunta o cuestionamiento. Reconocer la importancia de la información médica relevante. Organización de las ideas y el conocimiento previo. 2. La evaluación de los recursos de información (utilizando parámetros objetivos). Modificar los hábitos de búsqueda existentes. Identificar, de forma general, las FI del área. 3. Identificando la fuente pertinente. Incrementando la necesidad de consultar fuentes confiables. Selección puntual de las bases de datos y recursos de información, así como conocer el acceso. 4. Construcción de la búsqueda experta. Conocer profundamente las técnicas de búsqueda aplicables a los sistemas de búsqueda de información. Construir consultas ágilmente, y sus alternativas. 5. Evaluación y análisis de los resultados. Facilitando el aprendizaje activo y autodirigido. Ser capaz de analizar y dirigir el contenido a la necesidad de información. Sistematización de la información para la construcción de nuevo conocimiento como en el caso de las revisiones sistemáticas. 6. Valoración crítica del contenido obtenido. Seleccionar la información pertinente para el proceso de obtención del conocimiento. Evaluación crítica del proceso de búsqueda, refinamiento de la misma y evaluación de los resultados obtenidos. Creando nuevas estrategias si es necesario. 7. Gestión y uso de la información.

03

¿Cuáles son las fuentes de información?

VHL information sources are organized and classified into six types: 1) primary sources, 2) secondary sources, 3) tertiary sources, 4) information dissemination and inclusion services, 5) communication and collaboration, and 6) integrating components.VHL information sources are organized and classified into six types: 1) primary sources, 2) secondary sources, 3) tertiary sources, 4) information dissemination and inclusion services, 5) communication and collaboration, and 6) integrating components.

A data source is a place where information is collected. The source can be a database, a flat file, an XML document, or any other format that a system can read. The input is captured as a set of records containing information used in the workflow.

04

¿Cuál es la Definición e historia de la WWW (World Wide Web)?

The World Wide Web (WWW) is an online information system that allows access to documents and resources through the Internet. It was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 while working at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). The idea behind the WWW was to create an easy way to share and access information online. The WWW is based on hypertext, which allows documents to contain links to other documents, creating an interconnected network of information. Berners-Lee developed the HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) protocols for communication between servers and browsers, and the HTML (HyperText Markup Language) language for creating web pages. In 1991, the first web page was created and served at CERN. As the WWW grew in popularity, the first web browsers such as Mosaic and Netscape Navigator were created, allowing users to easily access web pages. Over the years, the WWW has evolved and has become a fundamental part of modern life. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, share information, conduct transactions, and access knowledge. Today, billions of web pages exist on the WWW, covering a wide range of topics and services. In summary, the WWW is an online information system that allows access to documents and resources through the Internet. It was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 and is based on hypertext. Since then, it has transformed the way we interact with information in the digital world.

05

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MARCO TEÓRICO

These are some of the basic hardware components of a computer system, although there may be other additional devices and peripherals depending on the specific needs and uses of each system.

- Processor (CPU): It is the brain of the system, in charge of executing instructions and performing calculations. - RAM memory: It is the random access memory where the data and programs that are in use are temporarily stored. - Hard disk or solid state drive (SSD): It is the main storage device of the system, where files and programs are permanently stored. - Motherboard (motherboard): It is the main component that connects all the other components of the system. It contains the connectors and ports for the connection of the other devices. - Graphics card (GPU): It is responsible for generating and rendering the images on the screen. It is especially important for graphically intensive applications like games and graphic design. - Monitor: It is the output device that displays the visual information generated by the system. - Keyboard and mouse: These are input devices that allow the user to interact with the system by entering commands and movements. - Optical drive: It is an optional device that allows you to read and write to optical discs such as CD, DVD or Blu-ray. - Power Supply: Supplies electrical power to all system components. - Box or casing: It is the structure that protects and houses all the components of the system

06

¿Cuáles son los dispositivos de Entrada, salida, memoria, unidades de almacenamiento?

Each one fulfills a specific function to allow the user's interaction with the computer and the storage of information.

Storage drives: These devices allow permanent storage of data and programs. Storage drives include hard drives, solid-state drives (SSDs), optical drives (such as CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray drives), and external storage drives such as USB flash drives and external drives.

Memory: Random Access Memory (RAM) is a hardware component that temporarily stores data and programs in use by the system. Cache memory is also considered part of memory and has faster access, but less storage capacity.

Output devices: They are those that show the results or information generated by the system. Examples of output devices include the monitor or screen, the printer, the speakers, and the headphones.

Input devices: Are those that allow data or commands to be entered into the system. Some common examples are keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone, and webcam.

06. METODOLOGÍA

07

¿Qué es la Unidad Central de Procesamiento?

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the main component of a computer system responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. It is considered the "brain" of the computer. The CPU contains one or more processing units, called cores, which execute instructions and perform mathematical and logical operations. It is made up of several parts, including the control unit, which coordinates the operations and controls the flow of data, and the arithmetic logic unit, which performs the mathematical and logical operations. The CPU interprets and executes instructions stored in the main memory (RAM) of the system. It also interacts with other components, such as cache memory, which stores frequently used data and instructions for faster access. In summary, the CPU is the central component of a computational system in charge of executing instructions and performing calculations. It is responsible for data processing and controls the general operation of the computer.

08

¿Cuáles son los componentes de software de un sistema computacional?

These are some of the main software components of a computer system. Each one of them fulfills a fundamental role in the operation and usefulness of the system, allowing interaction with the hardware and the execution of specific tasks.

- Operating system: It is the fundamental software that manages system resources and allows interaction between hardware and programs. It provides an interface for users to interact with the computer and run applications. - Applications: These are software programs designed to perform specific tasks according to the user's needs. They may include word processors, spreadsheets, web browsers, media players, graphic design programs, among others. - Device drivers: These are software that allow the operating system to communicate with different hardware devices, such as printers, sound cards, network cards, etc. They help ensure that devices are working properly. - System utilities: These are programs that help maintain and manage the system. They may include backup tools, cleaning and optimization tools, antivirus and security software, among others. - Software Libraries: These are sets of predefined code that provide common functions and features for programmers to use in software development. They help simplify the development process and improve efficiency.

09

¿Qué y cuáles son las Redes de Computadores?

Computer networks are interconnected systems that allow sharing resources and communicating with each other through electronic devices. These networks enable data transfer and communication between computers, mobile devices, and other connected devices. Computer networks can be of different types, such as local area networks (LANs), which connect devices in a limited geographic area, such as an office or home; wide area networks (WANs), which cover larger areas, such as cities or countries, using infrastructure such as telephone lines or satellite connections; and even personal area networks (PANs), which connect nearby personal devices, such as wireless headsets or mobile devices. These networks are based on communication protocols, such as the Internet Protocol (IP), which allows the transfer of data over the network. Network devices such as routers, switches, and access points are also used to facilitate connectivity and data routing. In short, computer networks are systems that allow connection and communication between electronic devices, allowing data transfer and access to shared resources. There are different types of networks and they are based on specific protocols and devices for their operation.

10

¿Cuál es la definición e historia de la Internet ?

The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers that enables worldwide communication and information sharing. It originated as a United States Department of Defense research project in the 1960s and developed into a network of interconnected networks. The history of the Internet goes back to the ARPANET, an experimental network created in 1969 to connect computers from different academic and research institutions. As technology advanced, communication standards and protocols, such as the Internet Protocol (IP), were established that allowed the interconnection of networks. In the 1990s, with the development of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the creation of user-friendly web browsers, the Internet became a popular and accessible platform for sharing information and accessing online services. Since then, the Internet has experienced exponential growth, connecting billions of people around the world and providing a wide range of services, such as email, online search, social networking, e-commerce, streaming media, and more. In short, the Internet is a global network of interconnected computers that enables worldwide communication and information sharing. It arose as a research project and has become an integral tool for communication and society in the digital age.

06. METODOLOGÍA

11

¿Qué es Multimedia, Realidad Virtual, Realidad Aumentada, Animación 3D, Metaverso?

Metaverse: Refers to a persistent and shared three-dimensional virtual space, where people can interact, socialize and participate in digital activities. It is an extension of virtual reality and augmented reality, and can include virtual worlds, online games, and social platforms.

3D animation: It is the creation of three-dimensional moving images using computer modeling and animation techniques. It allows to generate characters, objects and virtual environments with greater realism and depth.

Augmented Reality: It is a technology that superimposes digital information, such as images or interactive elements, on the real world. Through devices such as mobile phones or glasses, physical reality is combined with virtual elements to enrich the user experience.

Virtual Reality: It is a technology that allows the user to immerse themselves in a simulated environment generated by a computer. It uses devices such as special headsets or glasses and controllers to provide an immersive experience in a virtual world.

Multimedia: Refers to the combination of different forms of content, such as text, images, audio, and video, to create an interactive experience. It can include presentations, games, educational applications, among others.

Multimedia is the combination of different forms of content, while virtual reality immerses the user in a simulated environment. Augmented reality superimposes virtual elements on the real world. 3D animation creates three-dimensional moving images. The metaverse is a shared virtual space where people interact and participate in digital activities.

12

¿Qué es Inteligencia Artificial?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a field of computer science that focuses on developing systems and programs capable of performing tasks that would normally require human intervention and exhibiting characteristics associated with human intelligence, such as learning, decision-making, reasoning and problem solving. AI is based on algorithms and models that allow machines to process large amounts of data and use it to make decisions or perform specific actions. These systems can learn from experience and adapt to new situations, allowing them to improve their performance over time. AI is applied in various fields, such as robotics, speech and image recognition, natural language processing, recommender systems, medical diagnosis, among others. Its goal is to replicate and automate tasks that normally require human intelligence to perform more efficiently and accurately. In short, Artificial Intelligence is a field of computer science that focuses on developing systems capable of performing tasks that require human intelligence. It uses algorithms and models for data processing and decision making, and is applied in various fields to automate and improve processes.

13

¿Qué es E-learning?

E-learning refers to electronic learning or online education. It is a method of education that uses information and communication technologies (ICT) to impart and facilitate learning through the Internet or other digital platforms. E-learning allows students to access educational content, participate in learning activities, interact with instructors and fellow students, and complete assessments, all through digital means. It can include multimedia study materials, videos, online lectures, discussion forums, online assignments, and collaboration tools. This form of education offers flexibility in terms of time and location, as students can access materials and participate in activities from anywhere with an Internet connection. In addition, it allows adapting the pace of study to the individual needs of each student. E-learning has become especially relevant in distance education, corporate training and continuing education, as it provides accessible and convenient learning opportunities without the need to physically attend a place of study. In short, e-learning is an online education method that uses digital technologies to deliver and facilitate learning. It allows students to access educational materials, interact with instructors and fellow students, and complete learning activities, all through digital media. It offers flexibility in terms of time and location, and is used in a variety of educational and training contexts.

14

¿Qué es el Game Learn?

Game Learn, also known as educational gamification, is a teaching methodology that uses game elements and mechanics to promote learning and active student participation. In Game Learn, elements such as competitions, challenges, rewards, levels, points and leaders, which are common features in games, are incorporated to motivate students and encourage their commitment to the learning process. This methodology seeks to take advantage of the attractiveness and intrinsic motivation that games generate in people to apply them in educational contexts. Through gamification, students are expected to become more actively and playfully involved in learning activities, improving their motivation, concentration, and knowledge retention. Game Learn is used in various educational settings, such as in the classroom, corporate training, and online learning. It can be applied to different subjects and topics, adapting to the needs and objectives of each educational context. In short, Game Learn is an educational methodology that incorporates game elements and mechanics to encourage learning and student participation. Use gamification to motivate and engage students in an active and playful way in the learning process.

15

¿Qué es E-Commerce y Marketing Digital?

In short, E-Commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods and services online, while digital marketing is the application of marketing strategies using digital channels. Both concepts are closely related and essential in today's business environment, taking advantage of the opportunities offered by the Internet and digital technologies to reach consumers efficiently and effectively.

Marketing Digital: El marketing digital es la aplicación de estrategias de marketing utilizando canales digitales, como Internet y dispositivos móviles. Incluye actividades como la publicidad en línea, la promoción en redes sociales, el marketing por correo electrónico, el posicionamiento en motores de búsqueda (SEO), entre otros. El marketing digital permite a las empresas llegar a su público objetivo de manera más precisa y efectiva, utilizando herramientas y técnicas específicas para generar conciencia de marca, atraer clientes y aumentar las ventas en el entorno digital.

E-Commerce: Electronic commerce, or E-Commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet. It is a business model that allows companies to carry out commercial transactions online, including product display, selection, purchase and payment, all through electronic platforms. E-Commerce has grown significantly with the advancement of the Internet and has provided consumers with greater convenience and access to a wide variety of products and services.

16

¿Qué es Cloud Computing?

Cloud Computing, or cloud computing, is a computing model based on the delivery of information technology services over the Internet. Instead of using local resources, such as on-site servers and storage, cloud computing allows these resources to be accessed remotely through cloud service providers. In cloud computing, services are offered through a network of servers distributed in different geographic locations. Users can access these services over the Internet as needed, giving them flexibility and scalability. Cloud services can include data storage, data processing, website hosting, business applications, and more. Users can access and use these services on demand, paying only for the resources they consume. Cloud computing offers advantages such as reduced infrastructure costs, flexible scalability, availability, and the ability to access services from any location with an Internet connection. In short, Cloud Computing is a computing model that provides information technology services over the Internet. It enables access to remote computing and storage resources on demand, providing flexibility and scalability to users.

17

¿Qué es Big data?

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Big data refers to extremely large and complex data sets that cannot be efficiently managed or processed using traditional data analysis methods. These data sets are characterized by their volume, velocity, and variety. The concept of big data arises due to the exponential growth in the amount of data generated by various sources, such as social networks, sensors, online transactions and company records, among others. This data can contain valuable information and reveal patterns, trends and relationships that can be harnessed for informed decision making and process improvement. To manage and analyze big data, specific techniques and tools are used, such as distributed processing and storage systems, data mining algorithms, machine learning, and predictive analytics. These technologies allow to extract knowledge and obtain relevant information from the data, which can lead to improvements in efficiency, innovation and strategic decision making. In short, big data refers to extremely large and complex data sets that cannot be managed or analyzed using traditional methods. These data contain valuable information and require specialized techniques and tools for processing and analysis. Big data analysis can provide useful information for decision making and process improvement.

18

¿Qué es el Internet de las cosas - IoT?

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to connecting everyday physical devices over the Internet, allowing them to exchange data and perform intelligent actions. These devices can be common objects, such as household appliances, sensors, vehicles, wearables, and more. The IoT is based on the idea that objects can be connected and communicate with each other, as well as with users, to improve efficiency, convenience and automation in various areas, such as the smart home, industry, healthcare and transport. IoT devices collect data from their environment through sensors and transmit it over the Internet for processing and analysis. This allows the data to be used to make decisions, remotely control and monitor devices, and provide real-time information. The IoT offers a wide range of applications, from energy management and health monitoring to supply chain optimization and the creation of smart cities. As more devices connect to the Internet, the IoT is expected to have a significant impact on the way we live and work, bringing new opportunities and challenges in the realm of connectivity and automation. In short, the Internet of Things refers to the connection of physical devices over the Internet, allowing them to exchange data and perform intelligent actions. This technology has applications in various areas and is changing the way we interact with our environment, improving efficiency and opening up new opportunities in various sectors.

19

¿Qué es Blockchai?

Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that enables secure and transparent storage and verification of transactions. It is the basis of operation of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, but its applicability goes beyond digital currencies. In a blockchain, transactions are grouped into blocks that are linked sequentially, creating a chain of blocks. Each block contains a record of verified and encrypted transactions. The information stored in a blockchain is immutable and cannot be modified without the consensus of the network. Blockchain technology uses cryptographic algorithms to ensure the integrity and authenticity of data, eliminating the need for trusted intermediaries in transactions. Furthermore, as it is a distributed network, there is no single point of failure, which improves security and resistance to attacks. The blockchain has various applications, beyond cryptocurrencies. It is used in smart contracts, property records, supply chain tracking, electronic voting, and more. Its adoption is growing in various sectors due to its transparency, security and decentralization features. In summary, blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that allows for the secure and transparent storage of transactions. It uses cryptographic algorithms and a decentralized network to ensure data integrity. Its applicability goes beyond cryptocurrencies and is used in various areas to improve security and transparency in transactions and records.

06. METODOLOGÍA

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