Science 8 Module 1: Force and Energy
Cody Derr
Created on May 23, 2023
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Transcript
Module 1
Force & Energy
- Do your best to recall what you have previously learned
- Review the questions you missed.
- Look to better understand these concepts during the module.
Points for this assignment are based on completion, NOT score.
Let's Complete the Pretest
Vídeo
Phenomena
Strolling on the Moon!
What observations can you make?How does this stroll differ from the ones we take here on Earth?
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
- Compare and contrast mass and weight.
- Define the law of universal gravitation.
- Recognize that every object exerts gravitational force on every other object.
- Explain how mass and distance affect gravity.
Gravitational LAw
Lesson 1
Your weight can change just by adjusting your location?
106 lbs.
38 lbs.
Did you Know?
Earth
100 lbs.
Mars
Saturn
Distance
Mass
Gravity
Gravity is a force of attraction between any two objects that have mass.The amount of gravitational force between two objects depends upon
Whats the Difference?
Mass
Weight
- A measure of the force experienced by an objecct due to gravity.
- Varies depending on where the object is located.
- Common measurement in pounds (lbs) SI unit is Newtons (N)
- The amount of matter or physical substance in an object
- Is alwasy constant no matter where the object is located.
- SI unit is measured in kilograms (kg)
Mass= _____kgWeight= ___ kg x ___ m/s2 = _____ N
Mass= 120 kgWeight= 120 kg x 9.8 m/s2 = 1,176 N
What would the Astronautes weight be on the moon?
Complete the 5 question knowledge check in canvas
Knowledge Check
What factors contribute to which dog will win?
Tug of War
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
- Describe and investigate types of forces, including contact force and forces acting at a distance.
- Compare and contrast contact and non-contact forces.
Types of Forces
Lesson 2
Choose a factor above or decide on your own.Explore how the factor would impact the results in a game of Tug of War.Create a statement that summarizes your findings.
Surface Type
Grip Position
Direction of Pull
Size of Opponents
Tug of War!
What is Force?
A force is a push or pull. All motion is created by force.There are two categories of forces
- Contact
- Non-Contact
- Gravitational force- the strength of attraction between 2 objects with mass.
- Electrical Force- The attractive or repulsive force that exists between all charged particles.
- Magnetic Force- Similar to electrif force with an "opposites attract" and "likes repel" think happening. North (N) and South (S) Poles
Act on object without physically contact.
VS
Non-Contact Force
Contact Force
Results from 2 objects that are physically touching each other
- Normal Force- the force that supports the weight of an object on a stable surface.
- Applied Force- a force exerted on an object by a person or another object.
- Friction Force- a force that opposes motion.
A force that opposes motion.
A force exerted on an object by a person or another object
Contact Force
NormalForce
The force that supports the weight of an object on a stable surface.
Applied Force
Friction Force
Ex. Shocking power from slides and socks
See Lesson 1!
Gravitational Force
Non-Contact Force
Electrical Force
Magnetic Force
Similart ot electric force bu atraction and repulsion is based on North (N) and South (S) ooles.
An attractive or repulsive force that acts between all charged particles. Positive (+) and Negative (-) charges.
Electromagnetism
How could an Electromagnet be put to practical use?
Work in groups to complete the lab in Canvas.
Types of Forces Lab
Can you explain the difference between a societal law and a scientific law?
Do you know?
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
- Understand the difference between a scientific law and a societal law.
- Calculate net force and identify the direction of net force in an example.
- Describe that an unbalanced force acting on an object changes its speed, or direction of motion, or both.
- Predict the direction and motion of an object based on the acting forces.
Balanced & Unbalanced Forces
Lesson 3
Vídeo
Inertia: An object will continue its current motion until a force causes it to change speed or direction.
What will happen next?
Newton's 1st Law of Motion
Newton's first law of motion states that a body at rest will stay at rest until it is acted upon by another object.
- A body in motion will remain in motion until acted upon.
- This is known as Inertia.
Balanced Forces
Unbalanced Force
The forces acting on an object are NOT equal to ZERO.-The object will move in the direction of the greater force.
Balanced & Unbalanced
AIl of the forces acting on an object are equal in opposite directions, and net force euals ZERO.-The objects motion will not change.
Effort 0N
Effort 15N
Effort 25N
Friction 50 N
Will the car move?--Why or why not?-- What forces are not identified?
What is the net force?
Newton's 2nd Law of Motion
Newon's second law of motion states that the acceleration of an object depends on its mass and the amount of force applied
- This means that an unbalanced force acting oon an object will change its velocity, which is the speed and direction of motion.
Newton's 3rd Law of Motion
Newton's 3rd law of motion states that forces occur in pairs; for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
- This means that forces occur in pairs known as action forces and reaction forces.
How could you build a self-propelled car?
- Where does balanced and unbalanced forces come in?
- The video is a simple expample. There a lot of different methods to explore!
Self-Propelled Car
What factors can we explore to change how fast or slow the car will move?
Self-Propelled Car Ideas
- What is this graph showing?
- How can it be made more clear?
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
- Calculate the speed of an object.
- Describe the motion of an object using speed and direction.
- Describe the relationship between speed, velocity, and acceleration.
Speed & Motion
Lesson 4
Scientists use SI units to be clear and avoid comfusion.
VS
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
- Calculate the speed of an object.
- Describe the motion of an object using speed and direction.
- Describe the relationship between speed, velocity, and acceleration.
Speed & Motion
Lesson 4 (continued)
Terms to know!
Velocity is both the speed and the direction of an object.
Acceleration
Speed
Velocity
Acceleration describes the rate of change of velecity over time.
Speed is a measurement of how far something is moving over a certain amount of time.
An objects speed at any one specific point in time.
Average Speed
Instantaneous Speed
Speed x2 ways
The distance traveled divided by the total time it took.
Speed Vs. Velocity
Acceleration occurs when an object:
- Increases Speed
- Decreases Speed
- Changes Direction
Acceleration
Now that we have learned more about Speed, velocity, and acceleration, what will you use to control the speed of your car?
Your Self-Propelled Car
In 2003, Pennsylvania abandoned its motorcycle safety law that required motorists to wear a Department of Transportation approved helmet. Should motorcyclists wear a helmet?
Construct a claim statement. Design an experiment that could be used to collect data and support your claim.
Discuss in your group your obervations to the questions in Canvas
Watch the Phenomena Video: Car Collision
Read the article on the PA Seatbelt law
Science Journal
What do you know about the graph on the right?
What do you know?
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
- measure and graph distance versus time for an object moving at a constant speed.
- interpret the relationship of distance versus time graphs.
Graphing Speed
Lesson 5
Distance-Time Graphing
Distance-time Graphs are used to show a change in an objects distance traveled over a period of time
- Time is plotted on the x-axis (the independed variable)
- Distance or position is plotted on the y-axis (the dependet variable)
The slope of the line equals the speed of the object.
Graphing Speed!
No Change in slope = No Change in Speed
The slope is constant therefore, the speed is constant
- Steeper slope=faster constant speed
- Flatter slope= slower constant speed
- Is graph C showing constant speed?
A Horizontal Slope = Zero Speed
The object is not changing its position over time.
- Speed is zero
- There is no motion
- The slopes are changing,
- The objects are changing speed
- this is caused non uniform motion
A Change in the Slope= A Change in the Speed
Negative Slope
- Distance - time graphs do not ever have a negative slope because distance over time does not decrease. Position - time graphs can however.
Negative Slope
- Distance - time graphs do not ever have a negative slope because distance over time does not decrease. Position - time graphs can however.
What is wrong with this graph??
What is wrong with this graph??
Complete the graphing speed activity in canvas
Activity
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
- Identify examples of the law of conservation of energy.
- Determine situations where kinetic energy is transformed into potential energy.
- Differentiate between potential and kinetic energy.
- Describe the transformation of energy from one form to another.
Energy Transfer
Lesson 6
What do you know about ENERGY?
Create a Mind Map
There are many forms of Energy
Explore!
Write a title here
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Energy Transfer
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