The Birth of the Modern World

THE BIRTH OF THE MODERN WORLD

THE BIRT OF THE MODERN WOLRD

1. The Modern Age. Changes in the 15th and 16th centuries. Economy and Society.
2. Authoritarian monarchies
3. The Catholich monarchs
4. Humanism.
5. The Renaissance art. (Study from the presentation).
6. The Protestant Reformation

CONTENTS

Catholic monarchs

Guía básica para crear una presentación genial

• Causes
• The Lutheran Reformation
• The spread of Reformation

The Protestan Reformation

2.FOREIGN POLICY

1.DOMESTIC POLICY

4. Religious uniformity

3. The consolidation of Royal power

2. The expansion on the Peninsula

1. The dynastic union

DOMESTIC POLICY

both territories did not become one kingdom. Castilla and aragón kept their own laws , borders institutions and currencies

a) the dynastic union

b) Creation of new royal institutions: members chosen and paid by the monarchs

a) Imposed authority over nobility and clergy

3) consolidation of royal power

c) Proffesional army

creation of an authoritarian monarchy

• Council of Castilla: creation of laws
• Royal Treasury: tax collection
• Royal audiencia: impart justice
• Holy brotherhood: "police"

d) religious uniformity

Creation of Spanish inquistion

Forced muslims to baptised (1502)

Expulsion of the jews (1492)

*Heresy: a belief that is against the principles of a particular religion

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the spanish inquistion

Religious institution established in 1478 to combat heresy

AIM: ISOLATING FRANCE AND STRENGHTHENING CONTROL IN EUROPE

B) Alliances by marriage

A) Expansion in the Mediterranean and in the Atlantic ocean.

FOREIGN POLICY

CULTURE

Reading the BibleI would like the Gospels to be translated into all languages because Jesus Christ wanted his philosphy to be spread far and wide (...)What I find ridicolous is that people without education repeat the psalms and prayers in Latin, without understanding what they are saying. Erasmus.

EducationThe source of all virtue is a conscientious education, because careless and immoral instruction leads to foolishness and malice(..)Only man was created weak and defenceless. To compensate for this, he was given a mind with the capacity to process a whole range of disciplines and the ability to educate it through suitable excercises.

"Charity does not consist of constant visits to the church, kneeling before images of saints and lighting numerous candles for them (...)Do you know what Paul declares charity to be? To be a good example to your neighbour through acts of charity(...) to look after your neighbour´s property as you would, to help people in need.Erasmus: Handbook of a Christian knight, 1503

Printing press

“It is the duty of the Church to ensure that the initiatives of our time are kept in line with the Catholic faith. If they are harmful and reprehensible they must be eradicated. The printing press is a very beneficial invention. However it is to be condemned if it is used for writing pernicious books Therefore we prohibit all printers from any Christian nation to print any book whose publication has not been approved by the Church authorities, under penalty of excommunication.”

THE ROLE OF MARTIN LUTHER

HUMANISM AND PRINTING PRESS

THE SPIRITUAL CRISIS OF THE CHURCH.

CAUSES

4 Sale of indulgences

3 Buying and selling of ecclesiastical positions

2 Little formal training and non moral behaviour

1 Luxurious life of high clergy

MARTIN LUTHER, NAILED IN 1517 THE 95 THESES IN WHICH HE CRITICISED the selling of indulgences

1. sALVATION THROUGH FAITH 2. BIBLE: SHOULD BE READ BY ALL BELIEVERS 3. uNIVERSAL PRIESTHOOD CLERGY WAS NOT INTERMEDIARY BETWEEN GOD AND BELIEVERS 4. DENIED THE WORSHIP OF IMAGES 5. REDUCED SACRAMENTS: BAPTISIM AND EUCHARIST.

MARTIN LUTHER IDEAS

THE SPREAD OF REFORMATION

Renaissance Art

La Escuela de Atenas. Rafael

La Venus de Urbino. Tiziano

La piedad: Miguel Ángel

EXAM´S REVIEW

Design a mind map showing the main changes in the transition between the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period.

WHY IS THIS A RENAISSANCE PAINTING?

“Predestination is the ethernal decree of God, by which he determined whatever he wished to happen to every man. God did not create everyone on equal terms, but some are preordained to eternal life, others to eternal damnation. Therefore, man has been predestined to life or death.”A)Extract the text main ideasB) Who do you think the author of the text is?