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Presenter: Banda, Cristina
(CDAD)
Clostridium difficile-
Associated Diseases
Bacterial Infections of The Gastrointestinal Tract
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Transcript

Presenter: Banda, Cristina

(CDAD)

Clostridium difficile-Associated Diseases

Bacterial Infections of The Gastrointestinal Tract

Definition ofC. Difficile

Laboratory Diagnosis

RESERVOIRSAND MODE OF TRANSMISSION

Pathogens

Symptoms

Intro

CLOSTRIDIUM difficile

CONTENTS

  • Antibiotics target bacteria by taking advantage of structures and processes that bacterial cells have that are different from our own cells.

Why ANTIBIOTICS?

  • It happens when antibiotics disturb the natural balance of bacteria in your intestines.
pseudomembranous colitis surgery
it is a condition caused by the overgrowth of the bacterium Clostridium difficile in the colon (Intestine), leading to inflammation of the colon and diarrhea. CDAD can range in severity from mild diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon.
  • Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (ADD) and pseudomembranous colitis (PMC)
  • It does not seem to matter what condition the patient was receiving antibiotics.
  • colonic microbes, such as cephalosporins, ampicillin, amoxicillin, and clindamycin.

Clostridium difficile - Associated Diseases

C. Difficile Colitis

Weight Loss

Dehydration

Fever

Loss of Appetite

Abdominal pain and cramping

Watery diarrhea

The symptoms of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) can range from mild to severe and can include:

SYMPTOMS

Formerly known as Clostridioides difficile is one of the most common microorganisms responsible for gastrointestinal illnesses in hospitals and nursing homes worldwide. It is a gram-positive spore-forming, anaerobic, human pathogen. It produces three toxins: 1. Toxin A 2. Toxin B3. CDT (Clostridium Difficile Test)

C. difficile

PATHOGEN

C. DIFFICILE

Reservoirs and Mode of Transmission

Human intestines

C. difficile has been found in the feces of some animals such as pigs, cows, and dogs, and in soil, water, and food samples.

C. difficile spores can survive for months on surfaces such as bedrails, toilets, floors, and medical equipment, and can be transferred to hands, clothing, or other surfaces by healthcare workers, visitors, or patients themselves

C. difficile is a commensal bacterium that can be found in the gut microbiota of about 2-5% of healthy adults and up to 30% of hospitalized patients.

Animals and the environment

Contaminated surfaces and object

C.difficile Is Identified In the laboratory using a variety of phenotypic characteristics. However, diagnosis of C. difficile-associated diseases is most often accomplished using some type of commercial enzyme :

  • Immunoassay - (to detect glutamate dehydrogenase)
  • cytotoxin tissue culture assay
  • or, most recently, molecular diagnostic testing

Laboratory Diagnosis

THANK YOU!

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