CEll review

Midterm

Review

RULES:

Roll the dice and move your organism to that number. If you get the answer right you can stay there. If not stay where you were before. Player at the finish line wins.

GOAL

50

52

55

56

51

42

41

53

37

45

47

59

29

61

36

9

60

Word Bank 1-36

sex chromosomes Somatic cell autosomes Gamete homologous chromosomes sexual reproduction meiosis haploid diploid heterozygous polar bodies homozygous law of segregation traits allele crossing over law of independent assortment 23 incomplete dominance Genotype/phenotype Codominance Recessive test cross Bacteriophages Central dogma Base-pairing rules Exon DNA polymerase Double helix

58

54

44

25

33

1

4

48

38

32

2

6

28

46

21

3

7

35

24

39

43

17

12

30

20

31

23

16

14

10

8

19

15

27

Teacher Hasi

Word Bank 37-61

MRNA Replication Intron RRNA Nucleotide RNA polymerase RNA S stage TRNA G1 stage Transcription Nucleus Lagging strand Helicase Leading Strand Ligase DNA polymerase Pedigree Primase Okazaki fragments The study of life

Keep Going!!

Move up 2 spaces

OH NO!!

Move back 2 spaces

Niceeee

Move up 3 spaces!

Nice!!

Move up 1 space

Oh no!!

Move back 1 space

Big niceee!

Move up 3 spaces

Sorry !!

Skip your next turn :(

yay!!1

Go up 2 spaces!

WOWWWW!!!

Move up 4 spaces!

YAYY!

Move up 2 spaces

homologous chromosomes

two chromosomes that have the same length and have copies of the same genes "having the same structure"

gamete

sex cells--ova (egg) or spermatozoa (sperm)

somatic cells

body cells. For example cells that make up your heart or kidney

autosomes

chromosomes that contain genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of an organism

sex chromosomes

chromosomes that control the development of sexual characteristics

sexual reproduction

the fusion of two gametes resulting in offspring that are a mixture of the two parents

Double helix

Model that compares the structure of a DNA molecule in which two strands wind around one another to that of a twisted ladder

meiosis

a form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into a haploid cell

diploid

a cell with two copies of each chromosome- one from the mother and one from the father

polar bodies

cells with little more than DNA that are eventually broken down

traits

distinguishing characteristics that are inherited

law of segregation

Mendels first law which states organisms inherit two copies of a gene, one from each parent; organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes so the two copies separate during gamete formation

allele

any alternative form of a gene that may occur at a specific locus (location on a chromosome)

homozygous

two of the same alleles at a specific locus on a chromosome

heterozygous

two different alleles at a specific locus on a chromosome

law of independent assortment

Medel's second law states that allele pairs separate independently of each other during gamete formation

Genotype phenotype

1.the makeup of a specific set of genes 2. the physical characteristics or traits of an individual organism

haploid

a cell with only one copy of each chromosome

crossing over

the exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis 1

23

meosis produces cells with how many chromosomes

Codominance

A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed

incomplete dominance

a mixture of the alleles in the genotype is seen in the phenotype. White flower + red flower = pink

testcross

cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with a recessive phenotype

Recessive

trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait

Bacteriophages

1. Virus that infects bacteria

Base-pairing rules

1. Rules that describe how nucleotides form bond in DNA; adenine (A) always bonds with thymine (T) and guanine (G) always bonds with cytosine (C)

Central dogma

1. Theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA in proteins

RNA

Nucleic acid molecule that allows for the transmission of genetic information and protein synthesis

DNA polymerase

Enzyme that makes bonds between nucleotides, forming an identical strand of DNA during replication

Exon

Sequence of DNA that codes information for protein synthesis

Intron

Segment of a gene that does not code for an amino acid

MRNA

Form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where it serves as a template for protein synthesis

Nucleotide

Monomer that forms DNA and has a phosphate group a sugar and a nitrogen containing base

Replication

Process by which DNA is copied

S stage

Which stage of interphase does replication happen?

RNA polymerase

Enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template

RRNA

RNA that is in the ribosome and guides the translation of mRNA into a protein. also helps to code for making a ribosome

Transcription

Process of copying a nucleotide sequence of DNA to form a complementary strand of mRNA

TRNA

Form of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

The study of life

What is biology?

Helicase

What is number 5 called?

Primase

The enzyme that adds RNA primers to the DNA strand is called

Helicase

The enzyme that unzips the DNA double-strand is called

DNA polymerase

What is number 6 called?

Ligase

links fragments together (almost like glue)

Okazaki fragments

fragments on lagging strand

G1 stage

Which stage of interphase does Transcription happen?

Nucleus

Where does DNA replication happen in the cell?

Lagging strand

The ____________ strand forms Okazaki fragments that go in the opposite direction of helicase

Leading Strand

The ________________ strand will always add nucleotides continuously and follow the helicase

Pedigree

A chart that traces the phenotypes and genotypes within a family is called a