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POlish

CULTURE

Poland is one of the oldest countries in Europe. Polish culture is over 1000 years old. Despite being at the heart of much destruction during World War II, it has kept much of its cultural heritage remarkably intact. Poland is home to 14 United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization World Heritage sites.

Cracow

Polish people really like to celebrate holidays, so our calendar is full of them. We celebrate festivities such as Independence Day, Christmas, Easter, Grandfather's Day, Grandmother's Day, All Saints' Day, Saint Andrew's Day,the carnival and the harvest festival.

Holidays

The most important holiday is our Independence Day, which is celebrated on November 11. In 1918, after 123 years, Poland regained its independence. People celebrate this event with putting up Polish flags in front of their homes, placing flowers at commemorative plaques on the historic buildings, but also taking part in marches, concerts and rallies.

Easter

Easter is a moveable feast. On Saturday we go to the church with a basket. Polish Easter baskets contain colorful eggs, a sausage, salt and pepper, a piece of cake, bread, and even butter that is shaped in the form of a lamb. In the morning on Easter Sunday we eat the food from the basket. Easter Monday is also called "Śmingus Dyngus", which involves people throwing copious amounts of water at each other.

Easter baskets

In the morning we go to the cemetery with our families to attend a Mass and pray for our deceased relatives. The graves are beautifully decorated with flowers (mainly chrysanthemums), lights and wreaths. In the afternoon or in the evening we come back there to pray one more time and reminisce about the dead ones.

All Saint's Day

Saint andrew's day

On this day a lot of people wear costumes. This day is based on predicting the future. The most well known ritual from Andrzejki is the melting of wax through a key hole. In this tradition, a person will melt the wax from a candle through the hole of an old fashioned key. The wax will land into a bowl of cold water and the cooled wax will take shape. The wax is then taken and held in the light where it will cast a shadow upon the wall. The shadow is studied to look for signs of the person’s future.

The celebration of Christmas in Poland begins on the evening of December 24. This day is called Wigilia. When the first star appears, families sit down at the table. The family usually prays before the start of the dinner, break the Christmas wafer together and exchanges wishes for good health and prosperity. The dinner should consist of twelve dishes and cannot include meat. There is always one extra plate in case a stranger arrives. After the dinner we sing carols and open gifts. On December 25 and 26 we go to church in the morning, visit relatives and relax.

Christmas

P O L I S H F O O D

Pierogi

Pierogi are the most recognizable Polish food abroad. They are half-circular dumplings usually made from noodle flour dough. They are usually filled with: -strawberries or berries-meat-potatoes and cheese-cabbage and mushrooms.

Barszcz z uszkami

It is a traditional beetroot soup served with mushroom dumplings (uszka) on Christmas Eve in Poland. It's slightly acidic and sweet, earthy, peppery, with a hint of garlic and wild mushrooms.

Bigos

It is a dish of chopped meat of various kinds stewed with sauerkraut and shredded fresh cabbage. It is served hot and can be enriched with vegetables, spices or wine. We eat bigos with bread.

Żurek is an amazing, nutritious soup soured with fermented rye starter, served with a boiled egg – halved – and a meaty white kiełbasa (sausage). It is traditionally eaten at Easter.

ŻurEK

ROsół

Rosół is a soup that is traditionally served on Sundays. It is a clean chicken soup eaten with pasta, decorated with parsley and carrots.

Pajda ze smalcem

It is bread with lard and pickled cucumbers. Lard is rendered backfat. It is most often served at festivals in the mountains. It is very tasty, but quite unhealthy.

The dominant religion in Poland is Catholicism. Most people in Poland go to church on Sundays. Before Easter we attend parish retreats. These days, instead of having lessons, we leave school, and walk to church with classmates and teachers. We pray there, listen to sermons, sing songs and prepare spiritually for the upcoming Easter.

The most famous Polish churches

It is the largest temple built of bricks in Europe. The building, often called the "Crown of the City of Gdańsk", amazes us with its vastness. Its mighty walls and towers rise high above the panorama of the city and the vast surrounding area.

St. Mary's Basilica in Gdańsk

The process of building Mariacki Church started at the end of the thirteenth century. It was built on the foundations of an earlier Romanesque church. The new temple was consecrated around 1320. Over the next centuries, the church was rebuilt many times, both the body and the interior were subject to changes.

Mariacki Church in Kraków

The most beautiful Polish monuments

The Wawel Royal Castle and the Wawel Hill constitute the most historically and culturally important site in Poland. For centuries it was the residence of kings and the symbol of Polish statehood. The castle is now one of the country’s grandest art museums.

Wawel Royal Castle in Kraków

The castle in Książ was built at the end of the thirteenth century, between 1288-1292. In its turbulent history, the castle passed from hands to hands, being for some time Czech, Prussian and Russian property. Eventually, however, it returned to Polish hands. The castle was also destroyed many times, among others as a result of wars.

Książ castle

The Old Town in Warszawa has been on the UNESCO list since 1980. This is a unique example of the reconstruction of a monument almost completely destroyed. During the Warsaw Uprising, about 85% of the buildings of Warsaw's Old Town were destroyed. Fortunately, it was possible to recreate the medieval grid of streets, historic buildings mostly from the seventeenth and eighteenth century, as well as defensive walls from the thirteenth and sixteenth century. The most monumental building of the Old Town in Warsaw is the Royal Castle.

the old town in warszawa

The most importAnt monumentsin silesia

Ogrodzieniec Castle in Podzamcze was built during the reign of King Casimir the Great on the highest hill of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland (515.5 m above sea level). It is the largest and most famous castle in Silesia, as well as the most popular of all castles on the Trail of the Eagles' Nests. It is an example of the craftsmanship of old builders, who over the centuries made Ogrodzieniec an impressive magnate residence.

Ogrodzieniec Castle

Museum of Silesia is located in the revitalized post-industrial area of the former "Katowice" mine. The architectural concept refers to the industrial history of Silesia and the original function of the post-mining area. It assumes little interference in the post-industrial landscape, which is why most of the designed complex is underground. A unique attraction is the 40-meter lift tower of the Warszawa II shaft, to which a panoramic elevator has been added, allowing visitors to reach the upper platform, from where there is a view of the park and the entire city.

museum of silesia

The mine is located in Tarnowskie Góry. It is one of two fragments of underground workings of the Royal Fryderyk Mine, which was functioning since 1784, opened to the public in 1976. The reconstructed excavations of the Historic Mine come from the seventeenth and nineteenth century and are a testimony to the rich history of the Tarnowskie Góry Land. The silver mined here was even transported to China.

Historic Silver mineIn tarnowskie góry

the regionof silesia

Thie historical region Silesia is now located in three different countries: Germany, Poland and Czech Republic. After its reorganisation in 1919, the Polish Silesians divided the Polish Silesia in two regions: Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia.The region has a diverse culture, including architecture, costumes, cuisine, traditions, and the Silesian language. The area is rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas. The largest city and Lower Silesia's capital is Wrocław.The biggest metropolitan area is the Upper Silesian metropolitan area, the centre of which is Katowice.Historically, Sosnowiec doesn't belong to Silesia, but to Dąbrowa Basin, another region.

The native population of Upper Silesia and some of the part of Lower Silesia use a distinct dialect, by many, considered a separate language. Many languages have been responsible for forming the Silesian dialect: Polish, Czech, German, and partly Slovak. The phrases and words are more similar to the Old Polish language. It can be heard in people's houses, in the streets, at shops and schools.

Men’s dress used to be worn only by peasants, farm owners and their sons. Men's summer headdress was most often a kite. It was a felt black hat with a round head and a fairly wide straight ridge. In winter, especially older, wealthy hosts wore round cowardly hats. Men's shirts were sewn from white, linen or cotton canvas.

In the past in Silesia there were many versions of women's clothing for different occasions, seasons, and sometimes even times of day. The girls walked with their heads bare, tied a single braid falling on their backs with a green, blue or cherry ribbon. For particularly solemn occasions, they wore a galanda.

It is a traditional mining holiday, celebrated in Poland on 4 December. In the mining tradition Barbórka begins with a morning solemn mass in the church or in the guild hall, next to the statue of St. Barbara. Then the mining orchestra marches playing its anthem in the settlements inhabited by the miners and their families and under the houses of the management.

Barbórka

The most importANT Polish writers

A Polish writer, essayist, poet and screenwriter, psychotherapist, winner of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature, winner of The Man Booker International Prize 2018 for her novel "Bieguni" and two-time winner of the “Nike” Literary Prize for her novels: "Bieguni" and "Księgi Jakubowe".

OLGA tokarczuk

A Polish novelist and publicist; He received the Nobel Prize in Literature for Lifetime Achievement, one of the most popular Polish writers of the turn of the 19th and 20th century. His most popular works are: "Latarnik" "W pustyni i w puszczy"

Henryk Sienkiewicz

A Polish poet, political activist, journalist, translator, philosopher, religious activist, mystic, organizer and military commander, academic teacher. His most popular works are: "Pan Tadeusz", "Dziady", "Ballady i romanse". He is the patron of our school.

Adam mickiewicz

A Polish poet of Jewish origin, writer; one of the most popular poets of the interwar period. He wrote: "Ptasie radio", "Lokomotywa", "Bambo"

Julian tuwim

A Polish poet and lawyer of Jewish origin, the author of fairy tales and poems for children, as well as the translator of Russian literature. He wrote: "Tańcowała igła z nitką", "Kaczka Dziwaczka".

Jan brzechwa

Thank you for your attention!