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18th-19th century
The poets of
One of the most important cultural, artistic and philosophical movements of history
Romanticism
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18th-19th century

The poets of

One of the most important cultural, artistic and philosophical movements of history

Romanticism

Romanticism

Romanticism was a cultural, artistic and philosophical movement that developed in the 18th and 19th century as a reaction to the exasperated and exaggerated rationalism which characterized the Enlightenment. The first reaction came from the poets of the German literary movement of “Sturm und Drang”. It was characterized by a focus on the individual, on human creativity and feelings.

ROMANTICISM

William Blake

William Blake was an English poet, painter and printmaker. He was one of the most important English Romantic poets. Blake opened a print shop, he developed his own original engraving technique, which he called “Illuminated printing”: he combined his poems and pictures through a form of colour printing.

William Blake Works

“Songs of Innocence and of Experience”. The title of the book refers to two opposed, but complementary, states of the human soul. Blake considers innocence as a state of freedom and happiness associated with childhood, whereas experience represents the corruption of innocence."The Lamb". The poems belonging to this collection are light, optimistic and pastoral, and are written from the perspective of children. In contrast, the "The Tyger", the poems included in this volume are darker and focus on political and more serious themes in general. The lamb and The tiger are a perfect example for Blake's dualism and his "complementary opposits"

William Wordsworth

William Wordsworth lived for a small period of time in France. Attracted by the democratic ideas of the time, he became an ardent supporter of the French Revolution. In this period the poet met Samuel Taylor Coleridge with whom he formed a great friendship. Their collaboration was fondamental in the development of English Romanticism, in fact, the two poets anonymously published a collection of poems entitled Lyrical Ballads in 1798, the year in which the Romantic movement began in England. Wordsworth wrote 19 poems about man and everyday things.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Samuel Taylor Coleridge was born in Devonshire in 1772. He also became a fervent supporter of the ideals of the French Revolution.A few years later he moved to Somerset, where he became friend with William Wordsworth. This friendship completely revolutionized English poetry. The two poets began an important collaboration which led to the publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798, he wrote four poems, dealing with themes such as the supernatural, the mysterious and the exotic.

Mary Shelley

Mary Shelley was born in London in 1797. Mary did not receive any formal education, but from an early age, she received great intellectual stimulus, in fact her father’s house was a meeting point of famous philosophers, writers and poets, such as William Wordsworth and Samuel Coleridge.In 1814 Mary met the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley and the two began a relationship. Eventually the two lovers eloped to France and then Switzerland, where she wrote the book that would make her famous, Frankenstein.

Frankenstein

In Frankenstein Mary Shelley tries to recreate that terror and fear that she herself experienced during a nightmare in which she dreamed of a student assembling a creature which, at a certain point, begins to show signs of life. The novel Frankenstein or the modern Prometheus is a dense representation of the profound terrors of the age, in fact, the novel was born immediately after the first impact with the First Industrial Revolution, which took place in England starting from the first decades of the nineteenth century. The novel expresses the fear of machines and the fear of the risk of rebellion against man, as the monstrous creature in Frankenstein had done.

The victorian age

The word Victorian comes from Queen Victoria, who ruled from 1837 to 1901, and became the symbol of the nations. It was the era of progress, of inventions, of stability and of the huge social reforms but it was also the era of poverty, injustice and social unrest. Victorians were huge moralizers, they promoted a values’ code that reflected the world as they wanted it to be, based on:1. Duty 2. Hard work 3. Respectability (that distinguished middle class from lower classes)4. Personal charity

THE VICTORIAN AGE

1833

Had prevented children aged 9 to 13 from being employed more than forty-eight hours a week, and no person between 13 and 18 could work more than 72 hours a week.

The factory Act

1834

Had reformed the old Poor Laws, dating from Elizabeth I.

The Poor Law Amendment Act

1832

Had transferred voting privileges from the small boroughs, controlled by the nobilty and the gentry, to the large industrial towns.

The First Reform Act

REFORMS

Robert Louis Stevenson

Stevenson was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on November 13, 1850. From an early age he showed a great passion for writing and travel, and it was thanks to his travels that he incresed the quality of his narrative.In 1883 Stevenson moved to Paris, where he met his future wife, Fanny Osbourne, and where he wrote Treasure Island, one of his most famous novel. But his most famous work is defenetly "The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde." In wich Stevenson deals allegorically with the problem of the subconscious and the split personality.

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hide

He takes a rather critical stance towards Victorian society, which wanted men to repress all their instincts in favor of a life mostly made up of a facade. Stevenson manages to anticipate Freud's theory in a surprising way, according to which each of us has three faces of our personality within ourselves: the id, the ego and the superego.

  • Super Io: conditioned by society
  • Es: it represents all our drives, the free ones, those that drive us to pleasure,
  • Io: our conscience, which makes rules and desires find a meeting point.

Oscar Wilde

Oscar Wilde was born in Dublin in 1854.Even before the publication of his Poems in 1881, Wilde was a distinctive figure in the literary scene for his eccentric behavior as a "dandy" already well known to London society. He moved to the United States in 1882, describing the aesthetic movement and speaking about the importance of the beautiful as opposed to the horrors of industrial society. The trip allowed him to develop his ideas on aestheticism and spread them also on the American continent.

Charles Dickens

Charles Dickens was born in the south of England, in 1812.His family was a large one. The boy was twelve when, in 1824, he was sent to work in a shoe-blacking factory in London for a few months to help his father, imprisoned for debts. This unpleasant experience was never forgotten and marked the beginning of Dickens's social commitment and identification with the poor and the oppressed, which are constantly present in his fiction.

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