Terminology Neuro

Javier Reyes NeiraID 2161355

Neuroanatomical Terminology

06

05

04

Deep

Superficial

Posterior

03

Anterior

02

Inferior

01

Superior

12

11

10

Rostral

Coronal slice

Medial

09

Lateral

08

Dorsal

07

Ventral

Info

12

About...

15

IpsiLateral

14

Contralateral

13

Caudal

Image source (click here)

The nasal cavity is superior to the oral cavity.

Located upward, higher, towards the top of the head

Superior

Image source (click here)

The tracheal cartilages are inferior to the cricoid cartilage.

Located Downward, lower, towards the bottom of the body

Inferior

Image source (click here)

The ethmoid bone is anterior to the sphenoid bone

Located forward, towards the face

Anterior

Image source (click here)

The occipital bone is posterior to the parietal bones

Located backward, towards the back

Posterior

Image source (click here)

The cingulate cortex is superficial to the corpus callosum.

Located towards the surface (i.e., outwards)

Superficial

Image source (click here)

The fornix is deep to the corpus callosum.

Located towards the interior (i.e., inwards)

Deep

Superior Image source(click here)

Inferior Image source(click here)

The amygdala is ventral to the putamen.

(Lat. venter, belly).Located towards the abdominal surface of the body, if a quadruped position is assumed.

Ventral

Superior Image source(click here)

Inferior Image source(click here)

The cerebellum is dorsal to the pons.

(Lat. dorsum, back) Located towards the backbone (spine) of the body, if a quadruped position is assumed.

Dorsal

Image source(click here)

The ossicular chain is lateral to the cochlea.

Located towards the sides of the body, away from the midline.

Lateral

Image source(click here)

The corpus callosum is medial to both cerebral hemispheres

Located towards the midline of the body.

Medial

superior Image source(click here)

inferior Image source(click here)

The bottom image on the right shows, through a coronal slice of the brain, both hemispheres and part of the limbic system. This coronal slice shows that the body of the fornix is medial to the body of the caudate nucleus.

Suppose you slice the body to observe what is inside. Those slices (planes) ca have different orientations, depending on how you slice the body. The coronal plane (slice) divides the body in anterior and posterior sections (front and back).

Coronal (slice)

Superior Imagesource(click here)

Inferior Image source(click here)

The frontal lobes are rostral to the parietal lobes. However, the cerebellum is rostral to the larynx.

(Lat. rostrum, beak) Assume your nose is like a beak. A rostral position is Located towards the face. Above the mid-brain, rostral means anterior, but below the midbrain, rostral means superior.

Rostral

Superior Imagesource(click here)

Inferior Image source(click here)

The occipital lobe is caudal to the parietal lobes. However, the spinal cord is caudal to the pons.

(Lat. caudus, tail) A caudal position is Located towards the tail, i.e., away from the face. Above the mid-brain, caudal means posterior, but below the midbrain, caudal means inferior.

Caudal

Anatomical directions(click for source)

It is going to prove quite useful!

This image shows many of the anatomical orientations, related to the brain

Navigation Chart!

Image source(click here)

The image on the right shows the central auditory system pathways for hearing. Sound can be perceived in any of the left or right ears, but then, part of the neural response of hearing decussates or changes its side to the contralateral pathway, thus being processed by the opposite auditory cortex, located in the temporal lobe.

Assume a mid-saggital slice, which divides the body in two sides, left and right, right through the midline. A contralateral position, with reference to another position or landmark, is situated on the opposite side of the body. It can be easily observed in a coronal slice, because both sides can be seen in the same image.

Contralateral

Info

Image source(click here)

The image below shows the homuncular distribution of the somatosensory and motor cortex. Somatory sensation can be processed in the same side it was perceived. For example, a texture felt with the right-side hand can be processed in the right-side somatosensory cortex. This means that such stimulus is ipsilateral.

Assume a mid-saggital slice, which divides the body in two sides, left and right, right through the midline. An ipsilateral position, with reference to another position or landmark, is situated on the same side of the body. It can be easily observed in a coronal slice, because both sides can be seen in the same image.

Ipsilateral

UH PSID: 2161355 jareyesn@cougarnet.uh.edu

Born in Bogotá, Colombia. Professional degree (BA) in Linguistics. Master's degree (MA) in Hispanic Linguistics.

Post-baccalaureate student (ComDis)

Javier Reyes Neira

About the producer of this material...

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