Liberal revolutions

Liberal revolutions

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The revolutionary wave of 1848

The revolutionary wave of 1830

The revolutionary wave of 1820

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the revolutionary wave of 1820

In 1820, in parts of Spain, Portugal, Naples and Piedmont, there were revolutions inspired by the Spanish Constitution written in Cádiz in 1812.

The Holly Alliance took part and restored the Absolutism in Spain, Naples and Piedmont

After these interventions, the Holy Alliance declined due to divisions among its members and to Great Britain’s criticism of its work

There were revolutionary outbreaks in France and Russia which were stopped

Greece became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1830, with the help of Great Britain, Russia and France

the revolutionary wave of 1830

The king of France, Louis XVIII, was succeeded by Charles X, who hoped to reign in an absolutist way ignoring the limits of his predecessor’s French Charter

In 1830, groups of intellectuals, students and workers organised the July Revolution in Paris against the absolutist tendencies of Charles X

After the king abdicated, a parliamentary monarchy was established under Louis Philippe of Orleans, who recognised national sovereignty. He also abolished censorship and extended the right to vote.k

Belgium proclaimed their independence from the Kingdom of the Netherlands and established a parliamentary monarchy

Poland, part of the Russian Empire, tried to split up but it was crushed by the tsar’s army.

the revolutionary wave of 1848

In France, Louis Philippe of Orleans’ reign was becoming more conservative, causing discontent among radical liberals. In turn, the workers suffered the most from the effects of an international economic crisis

This led to a revolution in which was established the Second French Republic. There were universal manhood suffrage and better conditions for workers

Those advances faced the bourgeoisie's opposition, who supported some changes.Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, Napoleon's nephew, was elected President. Later, he proclaimed the Second French Empire and was crowned as Napoleon III

The Revolution of 1848 spread to cities in Austria, the German Confederation, Italy and Russia

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