proteinas

proteins

primary

Proteins are divided into four levels of structures.

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biography

quaternary

secondary

tertiary

Proteins are macromolecules made up of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and in smaller quantities may contain:phosphorus, sulfur and other elements such as magnesium, copper and iron. They are chains of amino acid units that are linked by peptide bonds between the carboxyl groups and the amino group. Proteins are differentiated by: * The number of amino acids * The type of amino acids * The order in which the amino acids are arranged.

Biography

The primary structure is the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain. This sequence is written from the amino-terminal to the carboxy-terminal group, according to the order in which proteins are synthesized by the ribosome.

Primary

The secondary structure of proteins is local regular folding between nearby amino acid residues of the polypeptide chain. This type of protein structure is adopted thanks to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl (-CO-) and amino (-NH-) groups of the carbons involved in the peptide bonds of nearby amino acids in the chain.

Secundary

The tertiary structure of proteins is formed on the arrangement of the secondary structure of a polypeptide when folding on itself, originating a globular conformation, which remains stable due to the existence of bonds between the R radicals of the amino acids. Between these bonds appear disulfide bridges between amino acid radicals that have sulfur (cysteine) and other hydrophobic forces.

Tertiary

The quaternary structure of proteins is formed by the joining of weak bonds of several polypeptide chains with tertiary structure to form a protein complex. Each of these polypeptide chains is called a protomer.

Quaternary