PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY

LEARNING EXPERIENCES: ENGLISH PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY, CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS

Learning Activity 1:

Collaborative work-Graphic Organizer

Name of the members of group 8

*Tandazo Astrid *Tipán Karen *Torres Jeslhy*Trujillo Cristián *Vaca Karelis

Professor:

Mg. Mónica del Carmen Pinto Viana

Nrc: 7584

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CONCEPTS

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1. Phonology

2. PHONEMICS

3. PHONEMES

4. PHONETICS

5. ALLOPHONES

EXAMPLES:

EXAMPLES:

The allophones are the different sounds that a phoneme can adopt according to the context, without changing its value.

1) [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ] pie, tie, kite 2) [sp, st, sk] spill, still, skill 3) [ki], [gis]. key, geese

Studies from different points of view, the sounds of speech in general, of any language of its physical character, which are called Phonemes.

/dʒ/ gin, jazz,enjoy, bridge /s/ snake, city, password, place /m/ money, summer, jam

A phoneme is a minimal unit of articulation whose sound can be vowel or consonantal. The union or concatenation of phonemes produces morphemes.

BILABIAL LABIODENTAL*Mom *End*Dog *Fable

EXAMPLES:

A branch of linguistic analysis that consists of the study of phonemes or the structure of a language in terms of phonemes.

EXAMPLES:

• "c" in the word "car," since it has its own unique sound.

Phonology studies the sound systems, patterns and rules of the language. Kennedy (2017) considers that phonology is the study of the organization of sounds in human languages. It has two goals: 1. To write descriptions of the sound patterns of particular languages.

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2. To make general statements about the nature of sound systems of the languages of the world.

• An example of phonology is the study of different sounds and the way they come together to form speech and words - such as the comparison of the sounds of the two "p" sounds in "pop-up."
• An example of phonology is the study of the movements the body goes through in order to create sounds - such as the pronunciation of the letter "t" in "bet," where the vocal cords stop vibrating causing the "t" sound to be a result of the placement of the tongue behind the teeth and the flow of air.

Phonology also answers the questions like – why there is a difference in the plurals of hat and bag; the plural of hat (hats) ends with the /s/ sound, whereas the plural of bag (bags) ends with the /z/ sound.

It is also related to the fricative consonant, which is generated when the articulatory organs are narrowed or contracted, causing an alteration in the passage of air that manifests itself as friction. allophone, one of the phonetically distinct variants of a phoneme. The occurrence of one allophone rather than another is usually determined by its position in the word initial, final, medial, etc. or by its phonetic environment.

Example:

1. [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ] pie, tie, kite
2. [sp, st, sk] spill, still, skill

3. [ki], [gis]. key, geese

• It is the science which studies the characteristics of human sound-making, especially those sounds used in speech.
• It also provides methods for their description, classification and transcription.
• It need not be studied in relation to any particular language.

3 main branches: Articulatory phonetics: studies the way speech sounds are made (production of sounds). Acoustic phonetics: studies the physical properties of speech sounds, as transmitted between mouth and ear (with spectrograms). Auditory phonetics: studies how the ear perceives the sound.

Examples: Phonetics /dʒ/ gin, jazz,enjoy, bridge /s/ snake, city, password, place /m/ money, summer, jam

For example: /a/, /g/. Each letter is a phoneme which, in turn, is written between graphemes, that is, diagonals that enclose a letter.

Examples: BILABIAL LABIODENTAL INTERDENTAL DENTAL Mom End Belt Tooth Dog Fable Pumpkin Train

Nasr (1977) states that Phonemics is “the study of the phonological system of a particular language. From this point of view, phonemics Is a relative study” (p.21). Phonemics deals with how human speech is perceived once it is heard. This feeling is neurological in nature and develops at a very young age (such as two years). The speech system has been established in the nervous system.

• "hat" has 3 phonemes – 'h' 'a' and 't'.
• or the words.- hop, who; in which their Grapheme is h, wh

Contrastive Analysis

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Contrastive and linguistic analysis

Comparative linguistics

Contrastive linguistics

• Compare and contrast languages that are culturally related.
• Contrastive linguistics has pedagogical goals in the field of translation and second language acquisition.
• Contrastive linguistics analyzes divergence and differentiation.

• Diachronically compare and contrast genetically related languages
• Informs mainly linguistic theory in its diachronic aspects
• Look for commonalities and similarities.

• They study languages ​​as a phenomenon of human life.
• They study one language in comparison with others to find that each has its individuality.

Isolation: when the properties of a language are studied by separating it from other languages.

• A linguist is one who is dedicated to the study and teaching of one or more languages.
• They are always interested in comparing and contrasting different language systems.
• Studies can be carried out with different approaches such as:

What is the need for contrastive linguistics?

• After World War II, interest in teaching foreign languages ​​increased in the US.
• Linguists try to predict learning difficulties based on the comparison of the mother tongue with the foreign language

Particularities:

To the way of studying:

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Comparative: when languages are studied in comparison with each other.

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COVER

References

• David F. (2017). no.sólo.idiomas.01 de Agosto del 2017. obtenido de: https://nosoloidiomas.com/pronunciacion-ingles-fonetica-simbolos/
• Kennedy, R. (2017). Phonology: A coursebook. Cambridge University Press.
• Obediente, E. (1998). Fonética y fonología. Universidad Los Andes.
• R. Jakobson.(1980) Structure of Language and Its Mathematical Aspects: Proceedings of symposia in applied mathematics. AMS Bookstore
• Roach, Peter. 1991. English Phonetics and Phonology. A practical course. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.https://fernandotrujillo.es/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/libro_fonetica.pdf

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