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Gas exchange
CIE A-Level Biology
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Gas exchange

CIE A-Level Biology

the respiratory system and the lungs

bronchus- major branch of the trachea that extends into the lungs

trachea- tube like structure that extends from the larynx to the bronchi, it allows movement of air in and out of the lungs

alveoli- the last part of the pathway between the atmosphere and bloodstream

bronchiole- smaller branches of the bronchus. Respiratory bronchioles are larger than terminal bronchioles

the trachea contains c-shaped cartilage which prevents collapse during changes in air pressure, goblet cells for mucus secretion, cilia to move the mucus away and smooth muscle to control the diameter

TRACHEA

Bronchi

  • irregular blocks of cartilage
  • goblet cells
  • smooth muscle
  • cilia

terminal bronchiole

- no cartilage- no goblet cells- does have smooth muscles - more cilia

- no cartilage - no goblet cells- no smooth muscle- very few cilia

respiratory bronchiole

Mucus

goblet cells secrete mucin, which makes up mucus, a glycoprotein that trap inhaled particles and dissolved pollutants. Cilia then wafts the mucus to be swallowed or spat out

Alveoli

alveoli walls contain elastic fibres that can stretch during inhalation and recoil during exhalation. Collagen prevents the alveoli from collapsing. Alveoli walls are made of only a single layer of squamous epithelial cells

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