Gas exchange
Jazmin Wright
Created on October 26, 2022
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Transcript
Gas exchange
CIE A-Level Biology
the respiratory system and the lungs
bronchus- major branch of the trachea that extends into the lungs
trachea- tube like structure that extends from the larynx to the bronchi, it allows movement of air in and out of the lungs
alveoli- the last part of the pathway between the atmosphere and bloodstream
bronchiole- smaller branches of the bronchus. Respiratory bronchioles are larger than terminal bronchioles
the trachea contains c-shaped cartilage which prevents collapse during changes in air pressure, goblet cells for mucus secretion, cilia to move the mucus away and smooth muscle to control the diameter
TRACHEA
Bronchi
- irregular blocks of cartilage
- goblet cells
- smooth muscle
- cilia
terminal bronchiole
- no cartilage- no goblet cells- does have smooth muscles - more cilia
- no cartilage - no goblet cells- no smooth muscle- very few cilia
respiratory bronchiole
Mucus
goblet cells secrete mucin, which makes up mucus, a glycoprotein that trap inhaled particles and dissolved pollutants. Cilia then wafts the mucus to be swallowed or spat out
Alveoli
alveoli walls contain elastic fibres that can stretch during inhalation and recoil during exhalation. Collagen prevents the alveoli from collapsing. Alveoli walls are made of only a single layer of squamous epithelial cells