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ESL101 - September, 27,2022

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ESL101 - September, 27,2022

Group 3

ESL101 - September, 27,2022

Lý Thanh Danh

Lecterer:

Presentation by :

1. Phan Trường Giang - CA1609012. Đỗ Anh Kiều - CA1602623. Nguyễn Hải Duy - CA1607734.Nhan Thị Tuyết Hiên - CA1608985. Võ Như Huỳnh - CA1605716. Võ Lư Bảo Ngọc - CA1601607. Nguyễn Khả Vi - CA160446

CHAPTER 5: NATIONAL LANGUAGES AND LANGUAGE PLANNING

Developing a standard variety in Norway

04

Planing for a national official language

Conclusion

06

03

What is the price of a national language?

02

The linguist's role language planning

05

Official status and minority languages

01

Table of content

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_________

Presenter: Trường Giang

Presenter: Trường Giang

Paraguay is the only Latin American nation with a distinctive national language – Guaraní with Spanish, the H language, used in formal contexts, for administration, a great deal of education and legal business, and Guaraní, the L language of solidarity, the language of love, humour and poetry.

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Presenter: Trường Giang

+ A national language is the language of a political, cultural and social unit. + An official language , by contrast, is simply a language which may be used for government business.

Presenter: Trường Giang

In the 1960s, the Paraguayan government used two different terms to distinguish between the stats of Spanish and Guaraní.

Presenter: Trường Giang

- In multilingual countries, the government often declares a particular language to be the national language for political reasons.

I. Official status and minority languages

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_________
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_____

Presenter: Anh Kiều

- Maori activists campaigned for many years for the right to use Maori in official and administrative contexts.

Presenter: Anh Kiều

- Maori was designated as New Zealand's official language in 1987.

I. Official status and minority languages

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___________
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_________
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__________

Presenter: Anh Kiều

Presenter: Anh Kiều

‘One nation, one language’ has been a popular and effective slogan.

II. What is the price of a national language?

Presenter: Anh Kiều

- Elaboration : extending its functions for use in new domains.

- Codification : standardising its structural or linguistic features.

- Selection: choosing the variety or code to be developed.

Presenter: Hải Duy

I. Form, funtions and attitudes

A. Planing for a national official language

- Securing its acceptance: The status of the new variety is important, and so people’s attitudes to the variety being developed must be considered.

Presenter: Hải Duy

I. Form, funtions and attitudes

A. Planing for a national official language

Presenter: Hải Duy

2.2. Codifying and elaborating Swahili -In the 1920s, a southern variety of Swahili used in Zanzibar was chosen as the basis.

2.1. Selecting a code -Swahili served as the lingua franca of the anti-colonial political movement for freedom.

II. Tanzania

Presenter: Hải Duy

+info

Presenter: Hải Duy

+info

- The role of Swahili in unifying the people of Tanzania to work for independence guaranteed it prestige and positive attitudes.

- Tanzanians developed a strong loyalty towards the language which united them in working towards uhuru (‘freedom’).

Presenter: Tuyết Hiên

2.3. Attitudes to Swahili

- The story of the acceptance of Swahili as the national language of Tanzania is therefore an interesting one.

Presenter: Tuyết Hiên

A particular language or variety of languages is selected as a norm by considering such factors as formality, social class, regional dialect, and previous literary use.

Presenter: Tuyết Hiên

I. Selecting a code

C. Developing a standard variety in Norway

Presenter: Khả Vi

- Codification: The chosen language needs to be developed to meet the demands placed upon it as a medium of national or international communication.

II. Codification and elaboration

E.g. Ivar Aasen- a schoolteacher who had studied Norwegian dialects. He wrote a grammar and a 40,000-word dictionary of the variety he advocated as the new Norwegian standard.

Presenter: Khả Vi

II. Codification and elaboration

Presenter: Khả Vi

- Norwegians speak Bokmål and Nynorsk- Elaboration of Function : the function of the selected language or variety of languages

II. Codification and elaboration

III. Acceptance

Presenter: Khả Vi

- People are made ready and they accept the selected language or variety of languages as the national language or the standard language of the society.

Presenter: Khả Vi

- ‘Top-down’ signs are official signs, designed by public authorities

Presenter: Khả Vi

- ‘Bottom-up’ signs are non-official signs, usually produced by individuals or groups

In some territories, a standard dialect of the language, correct for official use and acceptable as a national sign, naturally arose with little or no help from government agencies or linguists.

Presenter: Khả Vi

Presenter: Khả Vi

The regime considered it paramount to make informed choices, accelerate the process of language standardisation, and legislate the status of certain varieties.

Presenter: Huỳnh

- Johnson’s 40,000-word dictionary was a landmark in the codification of English.

D.The Linguist’s role in language

Presenter: Huỳnh

- Ivar Aasen in Norway created a composite variety of Norwegian (Landsmål/Nynorsk) from a range of dialects.

Presenter: Huỳnh

- Francis Mihalic wrote the first authoritative grammar and dictionary of Tok Pisin in the 1950s.

Presenter: Huỳnh

- In New Zealand, Harry Orsman completed the first Dictionary of New Zealand English on historical principles in 1997.

Presenter: Huỳnh

E.g : English speakers mostly mispronounce words like Moga Moga when they first see them written in Samoan. As a consequence, Māori words such as tangi ("weep"), whose pronunciation is almost identical to Samoan tagi, are nonetheless spelled differently.

I. Codification of orthography

Presenter: Huỳnh

A language will require vocabulary for more specialized or formal domains, or for concepts and objects introduced from another culture.

II/Developing vocabulary

Presenter: Ngọc

People are made ready and they accept the selected language or variety of languages as the national language or standard language of the society.

III. Acceptance

Presenter: Ngọc

E.g: In Singapore, the government's Speak Mandarin campaign was also successful in persuading the dialect-speaking Chinese population to change Mandarin from Hokkien, Cantonese, Teochew, Hainanese, Hakka, and other Chinese dialects within a generation.

Presenter: Ngọc

What is acquisition planning?Sociolinguists may also make a contribution to organised efforts to spread a linguistic variety by increasing the number of its users.

IV. Acquisition planning

Presenter: Ngọc

E.g: Language planners may be asked to advise on a variety of issues, such as who should be the target of language promotion efforts, the most effective language teaching procedures in particular contexts, what materials should be used and how they should be assessed.

Presenter: Ngọc

Language Planning: is defined as a deliberate language change.

Presenter: Ngọc

E.g: In the early days of attempts to revive Maori, people in Maori society adopted the idea of ​​setting up their own kindergartens where Maori was used.

Presenter: Ngọc

E.g: loanwords are constantly incorporated into the Hebrew compound, so check-im, "bank checks," uses the Hebrew plural suffix -im.

Lingua franca: a language used for communication between groups of people who speak different languages.

Presenter: Ngọc

Lingua franca as an official language of which country?

Presenter: Ngọc

Tanzania ( Dodoma)

Answer :

Presenter: Ngọc

Source: https://youtu.be/RQXWS81JTZg

National Languages and Language Planning

- This chapter details a number of specific cases of linguistic idealisation to illustrate some of the problems.

- There is a rich linguistic diversity within languages.

Conclusion

Thank you for your attention!

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