Unit 1: Planet Earth
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Created on August 31, 2022
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Transcript
unit 1.Planet earth
- The solar system is made up of the Sun, the planets and all celestial bodies that orbit the Sun.- The solar system and a lot of other planetary systems form a galaxy called the Milky way.
There are many different types of celestial bodies:- The Sun is a star at the centre of the solar system. Stars emit heat and light.- Planets are big spherical bodies that orbit around the Sun. They don't give out light.- Satellites are spherical bodies that orbit around planets. The Moon is the Earth's satellite.
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
LIVING THINGS
Comets are balls of ice. They get hot when they come close to the Sun and leave a trail of light behind them.
Meteorites are rocks that catch fire when they come close to Earth and transform into shooting stars.
Asteroids are small fragments of rock left over from the time when the solar system formed that orbit around the Sun. There is a big asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
LIVING THINGS
Versión en español:
Versión en español:
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
LIVING THINGS
- There are different ways of depicting the Earth. The location of any place on the Earth’s surface can be shown on a map or globe.- A map is a representation of the Earth as a flat surface. Today, mapmakers use computers and satellite technology to make very precise maps.
- A globe shows the Earth as a sphere. Globes also show how the Earth is tilted in its
axis. They are more realistic than maps.
REPRESENTING THE EARTH
LIVING THINGS
REPRESENTING THE EARTH
LIVING THINGS
- The points of the compass help us to know which direction we are facing on the Earth. There are four main points on a compass: north, south, east and west.- A compass rose shows the compass points. Maps include a compass rose to show which way is north so you can hold the map the right way up.
the points of the compass
LIVING THINGS
Consejo: Al igual que las líneas paralelas, los paralelos nunca se cruzan.
Consejo: Son parecidos a los gajos de una mandarina.
-Parallels are imaginary lines of lattitude that divide Earth from north (N) to south (S). - Parallel 0º is the Equator. It divides the Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.
PARALLELS
-Meridians are imaginary lines of longitude that divide Earth from east (E) to west (W). They always pass through the poles.- Meridian 0º is the Greeenwich Meridian.
MERIDIANS
- Earth is divided into imaginary lines on maps and globes.
MERIDIANS AND PARALLELS
LIVING THINGS
REPRESENTING THE EARTH
LIVING THINGS
- The longitude of a place measure the distance between the Greenwich Meridian (0º) and any other location on Earth in degrees. Madrid is located at a longitude of 3° W.
- The latitude of a place is its distance from the Equator (0º). Madrid is located at a latitude of 40° N.
Parallels and meridians define geographic coordinates that allow precise placement of any point on the Earth’s surface. These two coordinates are longitude (meridians) and latitude (parallels).
GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATES
LIVING THINGS
EXAMPLE: Point A is 45º N 90ºW Point B is 15º S 30ºE
GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATES
LIVING THINGS
EXAMPLE: Point A is 45º N 90ºW Point B is 15º S 30ºE
GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATES
LIVING THINGS
ROTATION
REVOLUTION
- Earth is always moving. The two main movements of Earth are called revolution and rotation.
THE MOVEMENTS OF EARTH
LIVING THINGS
- The Earth orbits the Sun. Earth takes 365 days and 6 hours to make a complete orbit of the Sun.- The Earth's axis is another imaginary line that goes from the North Pole to the South Pole. This axis is tilted, so as the Earth moves around the Sun, some places get more light and heat. This causes the seasons of the year.
EARTH'S REVOLUTION
LIVING THINGS
- The Earth's rotation causes day and night. When a point on the Earth is facing the Sun, it's day, but when it's facing way from the Sun, it's night.
- The Earth spins on its axis. It takes the Earth 24 hours to make a complete rotation. This is what a day has 24 hours.
EARTH'S ROTATION
LIVING THINGS
Versión en español:
Versión en español:
THE MOVEMENTS OF EARTH
LIVING THINGS
Neil Armstrong Pedro Duque
Galileo Galilei Hipatia de Alejandría Nicolás Copérnico
- They make discoveries by studying the Sun, the Moon, planets and other objects in space.
Astronomers
- They make discoveries by going into space.
Astronauts
ASTRONOMERS VS ASTRONAUTS
LIVING THINGS
Later, it was the first explorers who cincumnavigated the Earth, such as Magellan and Elcano, who proved that is was round.
People originally believed that the Earth was flat.. However, Aristotle was the first to talk about the Earth as a sphere.
DISCOVERIES
LIVING THINGS
- Astronomers use many tools for studying the Solar system. - At the beginning of the 17th century, the telescope was invented. Telescopes use lenses to help us see objects that are far away. Astronomers discovered planets such as Uranus and Neptune.- In 1990, the Hubble Telescope was launched into the space. Astronomers have used the Hubble to make many more discoveries about other galaxies and the Universe.
DISCOVERIES: telescopes
LIVING THINGS
- In 1957, the first animal, a dog called Laika, was sent into the space on the Sputnik Mission. Unfortunately, Laika did not survive the mission.
- In 1961, Yuri Gagarin was the first person to go into the space. He was there for 108 minutes.- In 1969, astronauts Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins landed and walked on the Moon as a part of the Apollo 11 space mision.
DISCOVERIES: space missions
LIVING THINGS
- Today, we have communications and weather satellites, as well as the International Space Station.- Since 2000, astronauts have lived on the International Space Station (ISS). The space station takes 92 minutes to orbit the Earth. Astronauts do research and experiments in biology, physics and astronomy there.
DISCOVERIES:international space station
LIVING THINGS
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WEBSITES:
LIVING THINGS