Citing My sources

Citing My Sources

Adapted from: Sonia Blouin, Je cite mes sources, Service national du RÉCIT du domaine des langues, 2020.

For an image

For a text excerpt

For an audio file

Why? It is essential to respect the original idea of an author and inform the public that some statements in your text are from another source.

How? By citing the statements using quotation marks or the idea. In either case, you need to mention the original source. Click on the gear wheels on the right to find more details.

Why? Do you want to insert an image (virtual or not) that you didn't create? Make sure that it is copyright-free. If it is protected by a licence, you need to respect the sharing conditions established by the author. Otherwise, you need to ask permission to use it.

How? Whether you are the person who created the image or not, always mention the original source of the image (name+ comma + opening bracket + URL + closing bracket + period). Can't find the author's name? Write only the title of the image, its publication date and the URL. Click on the gear wheels on the right to find out .

How? By looking at the licence attached to this file. Even if it's copyright-free, you have to credit the original source. Click on the gear wheels on your right for more details.

Why? Copyrights are just as important when you insert an audio file (music, sound, loops, etc.) in your production.

"Copyright is intended mainly to protect intellectual property — and the rights of the content owners — rather than protect the creators of the content in question." (Copibec)All elements of the public domain can be used in your production by citing the original source. If it's not the case, you need to respect the following modalities:

David Schwarzenberg, Pixabay [https://pixabay.com/images/id-2846221/].

elementary and secondary

Service national du RÉCIT du domaine des langues, 2022.

Creative Commons

paraphrasing

Citing your sources adds credibility to your work. There are numerous ways to indicate references. The following are examples. Source from a novel (citation): Here is how to cite an excerpt from the novel The Giver by Lois Lowry: Case 1 "Then all of the citizens had been ordered to go into the nearest building and stay there. IMMEDIATELY, the rasping voice through the speakers had said." Source : 1. LOWRY, Lois, The Giver, New-York, Houghton Mifflin Books for Children, 1993, p. 31. [https://ia801208.us.archive.org/26/items/TheGiverFullBook/The%20Giver%20%28Full%20Book%29.pdf]. Consulted on 25/09/2020. Do you think that the link is too long? Use a URL shortener like Bitly. A source with a short URL: 1. LOWRY, Lois, The Giver, New-York, Houghton Mifflin Books for Children, 1993, p. 31. [https://bit.ly/3PwD755]. Consulted on 25/09/2020. Source form a novel (paraphrased) : Here is how to cite a paraphrased excerpt from the novel The Giver by Lois Lowry: Case 2 Everyone was then ordered to take shelter in the nearest building. The message was heard over the intercom and seemed quite urgent. Source : LOWRY, Lois, The Giver, New-York, Houghton Mifflin Books for Children, 1993, p. 31. [https://bit.ly/3PwD755]. Consulted on 25/09/2020. Source from an article (citation) : Case 3 Here is how you can cite an excerpt from an article from Susan Schwartz in The Montreal Gazette. Settings in a novel are important and "[m]ore for mysteries than other genres, King suggested, “place is critically important.” Could Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes have lived anywhere but London? And the brownstone in which Rex Stout’s fictional detective Nero Wolfe lives had to be in New York City." (Richard King, 2021) Source : SCHWARTZ, Susan, "Stories of the city: For these authors, Quebec locales are characters in their own right", in the Montreal Gazette, 04/06/20. [https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/local-arts/stories-of-the-city-for-these-authors-quebec-locales-are-characters-in-their-own-right]. Consulted on 19/05/2022. Source from an article (paraphrased): Here is how to cite a paraphrased excerpt from the article Stories of the city: For these authors, Quebec locales are characters in their own right by Susan, Schwartz Case 4 Settings in novels are often critical to not only the stories but to the characters. This may be more true for mysteries than any other type of text. It would be difficult to imagine Sherlock Holmes anywhere but in England, for example. It would be equally difficult to imagine the home of Nero Wolfe, the fictional detective in Rex Stout's novel, living anywhere but NYC. Source : SCHWARTZ, Susan, "Stories of the city: For these authors, Quebec locales are characters in their own right", in the Montreal Gazette, 04/06/20. [https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/local-arts/stories-of-the-city-for-these-authors-quebec-locales-are-characters-in-their-own-right]. Consulted on 19/05/2022.

Many sites let you download audio files for free:

• BBC Sound Effects
• Audionautix
• Pixabay

It is essential you credit the source of the file you used in your production: Examples:

• a soundtrack of a video (credit the source at the end of the video);
• a sound in an interactive comic strip (credit the source at the end of the video).

Examples of audio files added in a production: (Name, Title [URL].): Peritune, Sakuya2 [https://auboutdufil.com/?id=579]. SHAW, Jason, Hip Hop 1 [https://audionautix.com/Music/HipHop1.mp3].

]William Iven, Pixabay [https://pixabay.com/fr/photos/ipad-samsung-musique-jouer-google-605439/]. Finding a copyright-free image on Google:

• select Images;
• click on Tools;
• select Usage Rights;
• click on Creative Commons Licences.

Pay attention to the Terms of Use in order to respect copyrights. Finding a copyright-free image on the Web: Many websites offer a variety of copyright-free images that can be used in your productions by mentioning the source:

• Pixabay;
• Unsplash;
• Pexels;
• Freeimages.

Work is in the public domain when it is no longer protected by copyright. In Canada, this automatically occurs fifty years after the creator's death unless the estate or agent of the deceased has extended the copyright registration. Permission is not required for the use of works in the public domain. However, attribution is still required to show respect for the creator, in an academic setting especially." Source: Library Learning Commons Interesting Link

• BAnQ Numérique - Public Domain

This symbol indicates that the image is copyright-free with some conditions established by the author. You need to mention the source, that is, where you found the image. Do you want to learn more about Creative Commons licences? Visit: https://creativecommons.org/ When we share, everyone wins - Creative CommonsCreative Commons licenses are 20! Honoring 20 years of open sharing using CC licenses, join us in 2022 to celebrate Better Sharing - advancing...Creative Commons

Paraphrasing Paraphrasing is telling someone else's ideas in your own words. How to paraphrase?

1. Read the text you want to paraphrase and make sure you understand its meaning.
2. Write down the main ideas.
3. Try not to look at the original text.
4. Explain the idea out loud or to someone else.
5. Write down the new text.
6. Compare with the original text.

For more information, consult the infographic: The Art of Paraphrasing.