Animal Extinction

Sule Bengu Ersozoglu

Content

1. Extinction

4. The research of extinction

3. Causes of Extinction

5. A world without...

6. Solutions

2. Extinct animals

Phyletic extinction or pseudoextinction. One species disappears leaving behind another more evolved one. The original species (ancestor) is considered to be extinct but its lineage continues. There is no increase or decrease in diversity.

Terminal extinction. A species becomes extinct without leaving descendants. Diversity therefore decreases.

Extinction

Already Extinct Animals

pseudoextinct:

Archosaurias (Dinosaurs)

Terminally Extinct:

Tasmanian tiger

Causes of extinction

To track animal populations:

drones, camera traps

Also the clues left by the animals:

trails, droppings and traces of fur, etc.

The research of extinction

Today, experts factor in data on...

Population size
Number of breeding adults
Geographic range
Habitat degradation

for each species under review.

A species can now only be listed as extinct if there is “no reasonable doubt that the last individual member has died.”

A world without...

Our ecostystem is in a balance in which all animals play certain roles that effect the balance in some way. Some species play a much bigger role than the other, those species are called keystone species because they impact the ecosystem the most.

Due to ice habitat loss changes in their ecological niche.
The predator-prey relationship: Polar bears are top predators in areas where they live. Meaning, the population of walruses, seals, whales, reindeer, rodents and birds would increase and get out of control without their predator.
Expected extinction: 2050

Sea stars are criticalally endangered. When gone, urchins and mussels come out since their predator is gone, creating a shortage of food and habitat for otters, fish, etc.
One of the main reasons for extinction is due to climate change and global warming as the water temperatures get warmer, changing the ecological niche.

Sunflower Sea star

Bees are also endangered species due to parasites, habitat loss, and cell phones (radiation).

This decline causes plant extinction and affects food security with potential losses in agricultural yields.

Bee predators would also die, shifting the ecosystem further

Bees

Polar Bears

Lions are keystone species and top predators. Their extinction would cause diseases to spread amongst other species.

vast savanna grassland ecosystems would disintegrate into dysfunctional, barren landscapes impacting all life within.

The loss of prey and habitat destroyed to make more homes for the increasing human population causes their extinction

Lions

Solutions/Cures

IUCN
sets criteria for how species are endangered/extinct
The Red List

Governments and agencies use IUCN’s data to prevent danger and extinction.

Advances in cloning
Gene editing
Protection of wildlife habitat
Captive breeding

+ New variant breeding

De-extinction Plan

Scientists in several countries are engaged in dedicated projects to bring extinct animals back from the dead

Theoretical method:

Sequencing the genome
Editing the DNA of a close living relative to match it
Making embryos

Bringing back to existence?

IUCN

Sources

https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/Extinction.htm#:~:text=Pseudoextinction%20is%20much%20easier%20to,%2C%20the%20birds%2C%20survive%20today.

https://www.iberdrola.com/sustainability/extinct-animals

https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/how-do-we-know-when-a-species-is-extinct

Thanks!

Animal Extinction

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