Click on each principle to see supporting instructional design practices
With maturity intrinsic motivation overtakes extrinsic. Adult learners are motivate to learn with little to no need to be motivated with external stimuli, (Pappas 2013; Knowles et. al 1998)
Motivation to learn
06
Learning should be problem-centered and applicable right away. Adults have a clear goal on why they want to learn based on the problems they are facing now. (Pappas 2013; Knowles et. al 1998)
Orientation to learning
05
Adults want to learn skills that can be applied to their life and current role. They want to apply learned skills now rather than later (Pappas 2013; Knowles et. al 1998)
Readiness to learn
04
03
Experience gathered over the years is a valuable resource upon new knowledge can be built. It also affects learning as there can be many mental models and beliefs each leraner has built. (Pappas 2013; Knowles et. al 1998)
Prior experience
02
Self-concept
Sdults are self-directed beings. They are more independent and may need to discover things on their own and set their own terms for learning. (Pappas 2013; Knowles et. al 1998)
The need to know
01
Sdult learners need to understand why, what and how they will learn.
(Pappas 2013; Knowles et. al 1998)
Core adult learning pricniples according to M. Knowles
