Ukraina in 20th century crises

IN 20TH CENTURY CRISES

UKRAINE

The founding of Kievan Rus at the end of the 9th century is considered to be the beginning of Ukrainian statehood. In the 12th century, the state collapsed into hostile principalities, which fell to the Golden Horde of the Mongol Khans in the 13th century. At the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries, much of the territory of modern Ukraine became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. (READ MORE...)

THE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE’S STATEHOOD

In the 1920s, Ukrainian language and culture initially flourished in the Ukrainian SSR, which was part of the communist Soviet Union. In the second half of the 1920s, Russification and the suppression of Ukrainian identity intensified under the guise of the three ideological pillars of socialism: industrialisation, collectivisation and the cultural revolution. (READ MORE...)

THE SOVIETISATION OF THE UKRAINIAN SOCIETY

The secret protocols to the non-aggression pact between the USSR and Germany, signed on 23 August 1939, designated the areas inhabited by Belarusians and Ukrainians in eastern Poland and northern Bukovina as part of USSR’s sphere of influence. On 1 September 1939, Germany invaded Poland and unleashed World War II in Europe. On 17 September, the Germans were joined by the Soviet Union, conquering eastern Poland.(READ MORE...)

MOLOTOV-RIBBENTROP PACT AND THE INCORPORATION OF WESTERN UKRAINE INTO THE UKRAINIAN SSR.

After the start of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union in June 1941, Ukraine quickly fell under German occupation. Some of the politicians who had emigrated returned to Ukraine with hopes of taking advantage of the war to restore Ukrainian independence. Germany considered such attempts hostile and these participants were sent to concentration camps, including one of the leaders of OUN, Stepan Bandera. (READ MORE...)

THE STRUGGLE OF THE UKRAINIAN PEOPLE IN WORLD WAR II

With their defeat in the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia’s decline reached its lowest point in what Vladimir Putin, who was elected president of Russia in 2000, called the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the 20th century. The communist world system collapsed, communist parties were overthrown in Eastern Europe and elsewhere, and the Soviet republics became independent states. Ukraine declared independence on 24 August 1991. (READ MORE...)

UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE IN 1991 AND RUSSIA’S AGGRESSION IN 2014–2022

Näitus Ukraina 20. sajandi kriisides / Ukraine in 20th century crises / Украина в кризисах 20 века Eesti Mälu Instituut, 2022 / Estonian Institute of Historical Memory, 2022 / Эстонский институт исторической памяти, 2022 Kuraator / Curator / Куратор: Meelis Maripuu / Меэлис МарипууKoostajad / Compiled by / Составители: Meelis Maripuu, Aivar Niglas / Меэлис Марипуу, Аивар Ниглас Toimetaja / Edited by / Редактор: Toomas Hiio, Martin Andreller / Тоомас Хийо, Мартин Андреллер Tõlge / Translation / Перевод: Refiner Translations OÜ, Elmar Gams, Marju Meschin / Рефинер Транслатион ЗАО, Эльмар Гамс, Марью Мешин Kujundaja / Designer / Дизайнер: Marko Poolamets / Марко ПооламетсSA Eesti Mälu Instituut Tõnismägi 8, 10119, Tallinn info@mnemosyne.ee http://mnemosyne.ee/