PERICARDIAL EFFUSION

pericardialeefusion

a class presentation on pericardial disease

pericardialeefusion

a class presentation on pericardial disease

PERICARDIAL EFFUSION is an abnormal buildup of fluid in membranous sac surrounding tthe heart called pericardium .The excess fuild in the pericardium puts the pressure on the heart , reducing ability to pump blood and oxygenate the body

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PERICARDIAL EFFUSION

• what is pericardial effusion?

• what causes percardial effusion

• pathophysiology

• signs and symptoms

• diagnosis

• treatment

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index

How does Excess Fluid Around the Heart Develop?There is normally a small amount of fluid around the heart (small pericardial effusion). This is produced by the sac around the heart and is an important part of normal heart functioning. Excess fluid around the heart is known as a pericardial effusion. But where does this excess fluid come from? Often, when the heart experiences inflammation (known as pericarditis) extra fluid releases and collects within the sac. It is also possible for blood to fill the sac during or after trauma, surgery, or complications of other heart procedures. Blood around the heart is known as hemopericardium. The fluid around the heart is usually continually produced and drained, so the level stays constant. Sometimes in patients with heart failure, high pressures within the heart cause the fluid not to drain properly. The body, however, continues to produce pericardial fluid, leading to excess fluid around the heart (chylous pericardial effusion).

The most common cause of pericardial effusion is inflammation of the lining around the heart. Viral infections are one of the main causes of the inflammation and the effusions it leads to These infections include:

• Cytomegalovirus
• Coxsackieviruses
• Echoviruses
• HIV Infection
• Lupus
• Tuberculosis

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causes :

Other conditions that can cause these effusions include:

• Cancer
• Injury to the sac or heart from a medical procedure
• Heart attack
• Severe kidney failure, also called uremia
• Autoimmune disease (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and others)
• Bacterial infections, including tuberculosis

pathophysiolgy

• Chest pain
• Fever
• Fatigue
• Muscle aches
• Shortness of breath
• Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (if you have a virus)

Large, serious pericardial effusions, or smaller ones that develop quickly, may cause symptoms that include:

• Shortness of breath
• Palpitations (sensation that the heart is pounding or beating fast)
• Light-headedness or passing out
• Cool, clammy skin
• A pericardial effusion w

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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

1. Electrocardiogram
2. Chest X-ray
3. echocardiogram

Diagnoses :

1. widness with QRS complex get narrowed and amplitude depleted and get QRS wider
2. low amplitude ECG
3. ST segment will be with saddle shape apprearance

electrocardiogram

1. Black colour appearance of pericardial layer.
2. swinging phase of heart is seen.
3. chamber size varies with LV.
4. intact IVC.

ECHOCARDIOGRAM

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IT WILL HELP REVEALING ENLARGED PERICARDIUM

CHEST X-RAY

MEDICATIONS

• Antibiotics; These help by treating underlying infections, such as tuberculosis, which can cause pericarditis and effusions.
• Anti-inflammatory drugs. These help reduce inflammation and swelling.
• Chemotherapy and radiation therapy. These help when pericardial effusion happens because of cancer.
• Diuretics and other heart failure medications. These help when heart failure is the cause behind a pericardial effusion.

TREATMENT

1. Pericardiocentesis: A doctor inserts a needle through the chest into the pericardial effusion. A catheter is put into the fluid, and it’s suctioned out.
2. Pericardiectomy or pericardial window: A surgeon makes an incision in the chest, reaches in, and cuts away part of the pericardium. This drains the pericardial effusion and usually prevents it from coming back. The procedure requires general anesthesia and is riskier than pericardiocentesis.
3. Pericardial effusions that are 3 months old or older are called chronic. Often, no cause is known. They’re monitored without treatment. If there are symptoms or your heart is being harmed, drainage is usually done.

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

KHYATI KAMBALIA

SARA

MUKESH APPARI

ANUSHA KALYANI

team

thanks