SDG GUIDE (EN)

Life Below Water

sustainable development

GOALS

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Partnerships to achieve the Goal

16

Peace and Justice Strong Institutions

15

Life on Land

14

13

Climate Action

12

Responsible Consumption and Production

11

Sustainable Cities and Communities

10

Reduced Inequality

09

Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

08

Decent Work and Economic Growth

07

Affordable and Clean Energy

06

Clean Water and Sanitation

05

Gender Equality

04

Quality Education

03

GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

02

ZERO HUNGER

01

NO POVERTY

06

End poverty in all its forms everywhere.

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Goal 2

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According to the most recent estimates, in 2015, 10 percent of the world’s population or 734 million people lived on less than $1.90 a day. Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are expected to see the largest increases in extreme poverty, with an additional 32 million and 26 million people, respectively, living below the international poverty line as a result of the pandemic. The share of the world’s workers living in extreme poverty fell by half over the last decade: from 14.3 percent in 2010 to 7.1 percent in 2019.

No Poverty

Goal 1

Goal 3

Current estimates are that nearly 690 million people are hungry, or 8.9 percent of the world population – up by 10 million people in one year and by nearly 60 million in five years. The majority of the world’s undernourished – 381 million – are still found in Asia. More than 250 million live in Africa, where the number of undernourished is growing faster than anywhere in the world. In 2019, close to 750 million – or nearly one in ten people in the world – were exposed to severe levels of food insecurity.

Zero Hunger

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In 2018 an estimated 6.2 million children and adolescents under the age of 15 years died, mostly from preventable causes. Of these deaths, 5.3 million occurred in the first 5 years, with almost half of these in the first month of life. Over 40 per cent of all countries have fewer than 10 medical doctors per 10,000 people; over 55 per cent of countries have fewer than 40 nursing and midwifery personnel per 10,000 people. In Eastern Asia, Northern Africa and Southern Asia, maternal mortality has declined by around two-thirds.

Good Health and Well-being

Goal 2

Goal 4

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Goal 3

Goal 5

Before the coronavirus crisis, projections showed that more than 200 million children would be out of school, and only 60 percent of young people would be completing upper secondary education in 2030. Before the coronavirus crisis, the proportion of children and youth out of primary and secondary school had declined from 26 percent in 2000 to 19 percent in 2010 and 17 per cent in 2018. In 10 low- and middle-income countries, children with disabilities were 19 percent less likely to achieve minimum proficiency in reading than those without disabilities.

Quality Education

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Education enables upward socioeconomic mobility and is key to escaping poverty.

Gender Equality

Globally, 750 million women and girls were married before the age of 18 and at least 200 million women and girls in 30 countries have undergone FGM. The rates of girls between 15-19 who are subjected to FGM (female genital mutilation) in the 30 countries where the practice is concentrated have dropped from 1 in 2 girls in 2000 to 1 in 3 girls by 2017. In 18 countries, husbands can legally prevent their wives from working; in 39 countries, daughters and sons do not have equal inheritance rights; and 49 countries lack laws protecting women from domestic violence.

Goal 4

Goal 6

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Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.

Goal 5

Goal 7

1 in 4 health care facilities lacks basic water services. 3 in 10 people lack access to safely managed drinking water services and 6 in 10 people lack access to safely managed sanitation facilities. At least 892 million people continue to practice open defecation. Women and girls are responsible for water collection in 80 percent of households without access to water on premises.

Clean Water and Sanitation

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Ensure access to water and sanitation for all.

Goal 6

Goal 8

13 percent of the global population still lacks access to modern electricity. 3 billion people rely on wood, coal, charcoal or animal waste for cooking and heating Energy is the dominant contributor to climate change, accounting for around 60 percent of total global greenhouse gas emissions. Indoor air pollution from using combustible fuels for household energy caused 4.3 million deaths in 2012, with women and girls accounting for 6 out of every 10 of these.

Affordable and Clean Energy

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Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy.

Goal 7

Goal 9

Globally, 61 percent of all workers were engaged in informal employment in 2016. Excluding the agricultural sector, 51 percent of all workers fell into this employment category. Men earn 12.5 percent more than women in 40 out of 45 countries with data. The global gender pay gap stands at 23 percent globally and without decisive action, it will take another 68 years to achieve equal pay. Women’s labour force participation rate is 63 percent while that of men is 94 percent.

Decent Work and Economic Growth

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Promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all.

Goal 8

Goal 10

16 percent of the global population does not have access to mobile broadband networks. The global share of manufacturing value added in GDP increased from 15.2 percent in 2005 to 16.3 percent in 2017, driven by the fast growth of manufacturing in Asia. Least developed countries have immense potential for industrialization in food and beverages (agro-industry), and textiles and garments, with good prospects for sustained employment generation and higher productivity.

Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

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Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation.

Goal 9

Goal 11

Evidence from developing countries shows that children in the poorest 20 percent of the populations are still up to three times more likely to die before their fifth birthday than children in the richest sectors. Social protection has been significantly extended globally, yet persons with disabilities are up to five times more likely than average to incur catastrophic health expenditures. Despite overall declines in maternal mortality in most developing countries, women in rural areas are still up to three times more likely to die while giving birth than women living in urban centers.

Reduced Inequality

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Reduce inequality within and among countries.

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Goal 10

Goal 12

Half of humanity – 3.5 billion people – lives in cities today and 5 billion people are projected to live in cities by 2030. 95 percent of urban expansion in the next decades will take place in developing world 828 million people live in slums today and most them are found in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia. The world’s cities occupy just 3 percent of the Earth’s land, but account for 60-80 percent of energy consumption and 75 percent of carbon emissions.

Sustainable Cities and Communities

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Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.

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Goal 11

Goal 13

93 percent of the world’s 250 largest companies are now reporting on sustainability. Humankind is polluting water in rivers and lakes faster than nature can recycle and purify. More than 1 billion people still do not have access to fresh water. Households consume 29 percent of global energy and consequently contribute to 21 percent of resultant CO2 emissions. If people worldwide switched to energy efficient lightbulbs, the world would save US$120 billion annually.

Responsible Consumption and Production

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Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.

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Goal 12

Goal 14

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As of April 2018, 175 parties had ratified the Paris Agreement and 168 parties had communicated their first nationally determined contributions to the UN framework convention on Climate Change Secretariat. From 1880 to 2012, average global temperature increased by 0.85°C. Oceans have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished and sea level has risen. Global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have increased by almost 50 percent since 1990. Emissions grew more quickly between 2000 and 2010 than in each of the three previous decades.

Climate Action

13

Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources.

Goal 13

Goal 15

Oceans cover three quarters of the Earth’s surface, contain 97 percent of the Earth’s water, and represent 99 percent of the living space on the planet by volume. Oceans absorb about 30 percent of carbon dioxide produced by humans, buffering the impacts of global warming. Carbon emissions from human activities are causing ocean warming, acidification and oxygen loss. Over three billion people depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for their livelihoods. Globally, the market value of marine and coastal resources and industries is estimated at $3 trillion per year or about 5 percent of global GDP.

Life Below Water

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Goal 14

Goal 16

Human activity has altered almost 75 percent of the earth’s surface, squeezing wildlife and nature into an ever-smaller corner of the planet and increasing risks of zoonotic diseases like COVID-19. Around 1.6 billion people depend on forests for their livelihood, including 70 million indigenous people. Forests are home to more than 80 percent of all terrestrial species of animals, plants, and insects. Arable land loss is estimated at 30 to 35 times the historical rate. Of the 8,300 animal breeds known, 8 percent are extinct and 22 percent are at risk of extinction.

Life on Land

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Sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, halt biodiversity loss.

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Peace and Justice, Strong Institutions

Goal 15

Goal 17

Among the institutions most affected by corruption are the judiciary and police. The number of people fleeing war, persecution and conflict exceeded 70 million in 2018, the highest level recorded by the UN refugee agency (UNHCR) in almost 70 years. In 2019, the United Nations tracked 357 killings and 30 enforced disappearances of human rights defenders, journalists and trade unionists in 47 countries. Approximately 28.5 million primary school age who are out of school live in conflict-affected areas.

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Promote just, peaceful, and inclusive societies.

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Partnerships to achieve the Goal

Goal 16

79 per cent of imports from developing countries enter developed countries duty-free. The debt burden on developing countries remains stable at about 3 per cent of export revenue. Trade, foreign direct investment and remittances all projected to decline by up to 40 per cent in 2020. Almost half of the world’s population is not connected to the internet, particularly in poor countries.

Revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development.

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