Redlining in Stockton

Students:

Lizette, Zoe, Emma

Map of Stockton Courtesy of Richmond University

http://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/#city=stockton-ca

01. Introduction

05. Conclusion

04. The Future of Redlining

02. How Communities are Affected

03. How Does Redlining Affect the Lives of Stockton Citizens Today?

Index

Introduction

What is Redlining?

Redlining refers to the purposeful practice by government-sponsored organizations that enforces unjust distributions of resources and services based on race or ethnicity. Historical Mapping of Stockton from the 1930’s Homeowner Loan Corporation that identifies and racially maps favorable areas. It still compares to today where racially marked areas can still be seen in place. The areas were marked within a color scale. Green marked the affluent white neighborhoods and red marked the non-white, economically deprived areas. Despite Stockton being one of the most racially diverse cities in America, Stockton’s neighborhoods falls victim to redlining.

What is Redlining in the context of Stockton’s history?

Citation

“What Has Changed? from Segregation to Discrimination.” Placeholder Magazine. Accessed April 7, 2022.

Picture Taken By Lizette Orozco 2022. Taken on iPhone

Why is it Happening?

Following the Second World War, Franklin D Roosevelt's New Deal America invested immensely in providing homes to soldiers. The policies that came from this encouraged racism in real estate by denying loans to areas that dealt with the “infiltration of Mexicans, negroes, and orientals.” By deeming marked areas by a color scale of different grades, areas that were undesirable were left with little to no investment.

Background:

Citation

Mitchell, Bruce. 2022. HOLC "Redlining" Maps: The Persistent Structure Of Segregation And Economic Inequality. Ebook. NCRC. Accessed May 1. https://ncrc.org/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2018/02/NCRC-Research-HOLC-10.pdf. ,

Padilla, Javier. n.d. “Racism in Your Neighborhood.” Placeholder Magazine. Accessed April 18, 2022. http://www.placeholdermag.com/culture/2017/01/14/racisminyourneighborhood.html.

Area Description - D4
“Mapping Inequality.” Digital Scholarship Lab. Accessed April 7, 2022. https://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/#loc=12/37.919/-121.284& city=stockton-ca.

Area Description - D5
“Mapping Inequality.” Digital Scholarship Lab. Accessed April 7, 2022. https://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/#loc=12/37.919/-121.284& city=stockton-ca.

How are Communities Affected?

Redlining is a discriminatory practice that puts services, such as financial services specifically, out of reach for the communities that are of certain areas. This is based on race or ethnicity. The financial effects that it has on communities is that people are being turned down for loans or insurance and are not evaluated by their worthiness or “good credit”, but by other criteria that have to do with their particular neighborhoods. Although “redlining” is commonly used when referring to financial services, there are other effects that it has on these communities. As well as healthcare, these communities have been denied the service because of their race, status, income, or class which should have nothing to do with acquiring healthcare.

Citation

“What Has Changed? from Segregation to Discrimination.” Placeholder Magazine. Accessed April 7, 2022. http://www.placeholdermag.com/culture/2017/08/17/from-segregation-to-discrimination-what-has-changed.html.

“Mapping Inequality.” Digital Scholarship Lab. Accessed April 7, 2022. https://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/#loc=12/37.919/-121.284& city=stockton-ca.

How does Redlining Affect the Lives of Stockton Citizens Today?

Citation

Redlining in Stockton has roots in the 1930s and was created as a way to segregate the distribution of utilities between non-white and white neighborhoods. These neighborhoods are labeled as different zones, all coded differently depending on their demographic. Areas labeled as red zones are characterized by “undesirable population” and include but are not limited to low homeownership, poor maintenance leading to more vandalism, and unstable incomes from people in the area. People in these areas usually suffer from poverty and can struggle with their day-to-day lives. This has an effect on the entire community in the area. We asked residents “How would you describe the accessibility of resources in your area?” to get further insight as to just how damaging redlining is to the community.

Interviews and Images

Soderling, Logan. “Exclusionary Spaces in Stockton Ca.” ArcGIS StoryMaps. Esri, May 7, 2021. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/d6ed7d88c57f4e268df13bce92f0046b.

Link

We reached out to Stockton Native, Robert Busby using a google form and asked the following :

Click each button to learn more about what Robert Busby has to say concerning how Stockton has impacted Stockton Residents...

Interview Results

- What area do you currently live in?

- How would you describe the accessibility of resources in your area (parks, grocery stores, etc.)

-As a Stockton resident how would you say your community is divided economically or racially?

- Would you say Stockton equally invests its money into your area? Please state your reasoning for either yes or no or other

"I currently live on the east side of Stockton before that I lived on the north side"

" I mean there aren't really that many resources compared to the north side of Stockton like for example I would say grocery stores is very limited on this side of town parts I mean there are a few parks I feel like they can do a better job as far as you know maintaining the parks and also providing more resources for kids that like you know visit the park and stuff like that"

" I mean I would say it's definitely economically due to the consequences of you know racially being divided by redlining and the reason I say that is because if you look out for example out north there are a lot more opportunities and there are a lot more resources. There are a lot more stores I feel that there's just a lot more in general a lot of a lot more opportunities would you say even possibly like a lot more charter schools like out here there's mainly just you know the regular Stockton unified K through eight or high schools you know Edison and Franklin. Whereas out north there's all these academies, all of these charter schools."

"Yeah, I'm gonna have to say no answer is pretty simple you can just go down the street. I mean there's only what? Two grocery stores out here? In reference to the east side compared to you know the north side and that's just grocery stores. I mean there's a long list I mean even schools and I mean as little as sidewalks. Those are just a few examples but you can just tell the north side is way more developed versus the east side. "

McDonald's and Gas Station

Analyzed Map

Lake View, Lake Park

Fair Oaks Library

This Mcdonald's/Gas Station combo was a result of the destruction of Little Manila and was located in a zone categorized as DB (Hazardous)

This small college/park was in a zone categorized as A3 (best) and in comparison to other zones it had more attention given to it with the environmental choices in the surrounding areas and the location itself.

This library is the only library in this district and it is in a zone categorized as D5 (hazardous). Although the library itself is somewhat local it is closed off in the corner area of a community and is not on a visible road

Comparison

Historic sites where Redlining is evident is in the destruction of Little Manila. Where once prosperous, a McDonald's and gas station were built for convenience.

Stockton Archives 1960's

Intersection of El Dorado and Lafayette By Emma Hernandez 2022

The Future of Redlining

From Former Mayor, Michael Tubbs...

From Journalist Michael Fitzgerald...

With census data indicating racially separated areas that remain today, we are left to wonder: What is the effect Redlining leaves today and what do others make of it?

Click interactive icons to learn more

INFO

Tubbs, Michael. "Stop blaming poverty on the poor." San Francisco Chronicle (CA), February 23, 2022: A012. NewsBank: Access World News. https://0-infoweb.newsbank.com.pacificatclassic.pacific.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=AWNB&docref=news/18857D446DAD2938.

Former Mayor Michael Tubbs during his years as a mayor advocated for change through his “reinvent Stockton” movement and continues to push for the end of poverty in his program, Ending Poverty in California.

Journalist Michael Fitzgerald advocates for the change in Stockton to come from affordable housing and better-paying jobs to reduce the gaps in economic racial disparity

Fitzgerald, Michael. “Deep Roots of Stockton Segregation.” Recordnet, April 27, 2001. https://www.recordnet.com/story/news/2001/04/27/deep-roots-stockton-segregation/50786451007/.

Conclusion

We chose this project because of the significance that it has to Stockton. Of course, the University of the Pacific is a great topic choice to do a project on, but we wanted to open up a new interest area and focus on Stockton itself. Stockton comes with many topics of interest, but redlining stuck out the most to us because there is not much awareness about it. We felt that this topic would be interesting in the fact that it is about something other than UOP, but still keeping it in the vicinity of Stockton. We hope that this website will interest you as well and urge you to dive deeper into redlining itself. We also hope that you guys may use these resources to raise awareness in other cities, not just Stockton. Thank you for your time.

Redlining in Stockton - Lizette, Emma, Zoe

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Transcript