OSC10 - FULL W/ WOOCLAP
elise.breton
Created on April 6, 2022
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Transcript
OSC10- Introductory Webinar
- Identify Open Science principles and practices.
- Prepare an Open Science strategy for my PhD research.
What is Open Science?
Learning objectives
- Rationale and Principles of Open Science.
- Open science benefits: from my research to society.
1. What is Open Science?
"Open Science is the practice of science in such a way that others can collaborate and contribute, where research data, lab notes and other research processes are freely available, under terms that enable reuse, redistribution and reproduction of the research and its underlying data and methods."
https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/foster-taxonomy/open-science-definition
What is Open Science?
https://www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/2021-10/2e-plan-national-pour-la-science-ouverte-version-anglaise--13715.pdf
What is Open Science?
http://book.openingscience.org.s3-website-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/basics_background/open_science_one_term_five_schools_of_thought.html
A recent update (and interview of Benedikt Fecher) on the five schools of open science:
https://www.cienciadainformacaoexpress.com/post/the-five-schools-or-currents-of-thought-in-open-science-an-interview-with-benedikt-fecher
What is Open Science?
https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/themes/fosterstrap/images/taxonomies/os_taxonomy.png
What is Open Science?
https://www.swissbiotech.org/listing/open-up-science/
What is Open Science?
https://think.f1000research.com/open-research-europe-submission/open-research-europe/?utm_source=third_party_list&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=JQC19396
What is Open Science?
https://www.unesco.org/en/natural-sciences/open-science
- A worldwide movement for knowledge dissemination.
What is Open Science?
- A plethora of activities in many domains, from publishing to software development through citizen science.
- A beneficial scientific practice for me as a young researcher and for society.
- The serial crisis and the academic publishing ecosystem.
- Public research funders requirements towards Open Science.
2. Why did we open science?
Why open science?
Adapted from: https://scienceouverte.couperin.org/la-publication-scientifique-aujourdhui/
Why open science?
Why open science?
https://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/08/health/soaring-prices-spur-a-revolt-in-scientific-publishing.html
Why open science?
- The arrival of digital technology has coincided with a consolidation of the academic publishing market around a few powerful actors.
->>> oligopoly situation, prices explosion and a very clear increase in publishers' revenues.
Why open science?
Mongeon, P. (2015). Big Publishers, Bigger Profits: How the Scholarly Community Lost the Control of its Journals. MediaTropes, 5, 102-110.
© European University Association
Why open science?
Why open science?
http://bjoern.brembs.net/2019/12/elsevier-now-officially-a-predatory-publisher/
http://www.e-learn.nl/2015/07/06/dutch-boycott-of-elsevier
https://bluesyemre.com/2018/11/15/elsevier-1880-vs-elsevier-2018/
https://medium.com/@jasonschmitt/can-t-disrupt-this-elsevier-and-the-25-2-billion-dollar-a-year-academic-publishing-business-aa3b9618d40a
Why open science?
http://thecostofknowledge.com/
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cost_of_Knowledge
Why open science?
September 5, 2011: Sci-hub was launched by Alexandra Elbakyan
2011-2012: United States v. Aaron Swartz
Why open science?
1991 : arXiv (repository for mathematics and physics)
1996 : PubMed (medical sciences search engine)
2000 : Pubmed Central (repository for medical and life sciences)
2006: PLoS ONE (first peer-review open access megajournal)
2001 : HAL (open archive for all disciplines)
Why open science?
Diamond Open Access: Gold Open Access without charging APC.
Gold Open Access = all articles and related content are available for free immediately on the journal's website.
Majority of for-profit, gold OA journals
Hybrid journals
-70% of journals indexed in DOAJ are diamond OA
Examples:
- PLoS journals
- Scientific Reports
Examples:
- Nature
- Current Biology
Why open science?
Data for France, 2020
Source : OpenAPC
Why open science?
https://twitter.com/natureneuro/status/1480909476546891784
Why open science?
https://mobile.twitter.com/MootazSalman/status/1482291722730319872/photo/1
https://twitter.com/DGlaucomflecken/status/1484679759829209090
Why open science?
Why open science?
https://barometredelascienceouverte.esr.gouv.fr
Why open science?
Par ManuRoquette — Travail personnel, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=83306493
Maybe you have received emails like this...
Why open science?
https://medium.com/@westwise/ive-been-invited-to-a-super-predatory-conference-and-i-have-to-share-371ae7db6a72
https://medium.com/gradbunker/how-to-identify-predatory-conferences-688f1d4c4d82
Why open science?
Why open science?
From Baker, M. Over half of psychology studies fail reproducibility test. Nature (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature.2015.18248
https://slideplayer.com/slide/11234638/
Why open science?
https://www.cos.io/rpcb
Why open science?
- Questionable research practices, espacially data snooping, even fraud.
- Inability to properly reproduce research artifacts (e.g. method, stimuli).
What may be the cause for the "Replication Crisis"?
https://www.nature.com/articles/533452a
Why open science?
How can Open Science help with the Replication Crisis?
Why open science?
Why open science?
https://doi.org/10.1038/490021a
Why open science?
source: Retraction Watch
https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/28/magazine/diederik-stapels-audacious-academic-fraud.html
Diedrik Stapel, the psychology biggest con man.
Why open science?
"I became increasingly cavalier and careless. I was tired of sitting at the dining table for long evenings on end, typing data into the computer. I made spreadsheet after spreadsheet to present my research ideas to the world as clearly as possible, and I made spreadsheet after spreadsheet with the data for the studies that I did with my colleagues and students. I was in a hurry, and in my haste I made mistakes. I copied rows of data from one study to another, which meant that the second dataset looked suspiciously like the first."
-Diedrick Stapel (2014) Faking Science: A True Story of Academic Fraud (trad. Nicholas J. L. Brown)
source: Retraction Watch
Why open science?
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/03/20/world/science-health-world/pfizer-employee-anti-vaxxer-covid/
https://www.foxnews.com/health/fox-news-poll-coronavirus-vaccine-concerns
https://santecool.net/anti-vax-anti-5g-meme-combat/
Why open science?
Why open science?
- Mandatory deposit into a repository
- Open access publication fees are reimbursable
- Research data to be FAIR and open by default
- DMP mandatory
- Digital or physical access to the results needed to validate the conclusions of scientific publications
- In cases of public emergency, immediate open access to all research outputs, if requested by the granting authority
- Publication fees reimbursable only if publishing venue offers full open access (publication fees in hybrids not reimbursed)
https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/strategy/strategy-2020-2024/our-digital-future/open-science_en#future-of-open-science-under-horizon-europe
Why open science?
The coordinator and partners of projects funded by the ANR from 2022 commit to:
1. Make available all scientific publications resulting from ANR projects in open access under the Creative Commons Licence (CC-BY) or equivalent via one of the following routes:
- Publication in a natively Open Access journal
- Publication in a subscription journal that is part of a transformative agreement or in a transformative journal
- Publication in a subscription journal using the Right Retention Strategy (RRS), in accordance with the procedures indicated in the grant agreement
2. Submitting, at the time of publication at the latest, the full text of the scientific publications (version Author Accepted Manuscript or Version of Record) in the national open archive HAL, and mention the ANR research project reference.
https://anr.fr/en/anrs-role-in-research/commitments/open-science/
Why open science?
"4. All productions cited in the evaluation files must be accessible in HAL or possibly in another open archive: these are understood to be the actual outputs themselves and not their bibliographic reference. It should not be necessary to provide them in the file, as an active link to the archive may be sufficient."
https://www.science-ouverte.cnrs.fr/
Why did we open science?
Science opened...
- To provide another way to insure scientific integrity and accountability in our research practices.
- To make accessible to the taxpayer publicly-funded research
- As a reaction to ever increasing journal subscription prices in the traditional publishing industry.
- Opening my methods and data.
- Opening my tools.
3. How to open (my) science?
How to open (my) science?
How to open (my) science?
How to open (my) science?
How to open (my) science?
Why?
Why do I want to open my research? (to fulfill my obligations towards my research funders, to create easily reusable content, to reach a large audience...)
What?
What type of content am I going to produce during my PhD? (research articles, books, meta-analyses, code, softwares, coference posters, blog posts...)
Where?
Which platform will host my research? Open Access academic publishers without APC? Open access books? My own website? Open archives for code/data repository...
Identify ressources associated with each step of your Open Science strategy
How to open (my) science?
"Preregistration is the process of specifying key study and analysis details and decisions before conducting the experiment. The main goal of preregistering one’s research is to make it easier for readers (and yourself) to distinguish between what the you set out to do (confirmation) and what was discovered along the way (exploration). Both are vital to science, but conflating these two types of work can lead to misinterpretation of the context of any claim. Preregistration prevents us from tricking ourselves and allows the argument to have meaning."
Preregistration: A Plan, Not a Prison
Alexander DeHaven
https://www.cos.io/blog/preregistration-plan-not-prison
How to open (my) science?
"Registered Reports is a publishing format that emphasizes the importance of the research question and the quality of methodology by conducting peer review prior to data collection. High quality protocols are then provisionally accepted for publication if the authors follow through with the registered methodology."
https://www.cos.io/initiatives/registered-reports
How to open (my) science?
"Entities become data only when someone uses them as evi- dence of a phenomenon, and the same entities can be evidence of multiple phenomena. Photographs in an old family album or high school yearbook may become data when a researcher uses them as evidence for hair and clothing styles of a period. Another researcher may use them as evidence of family groupings or social identity. Weather records in old ship logs, gathered for business and navigation purposes, now are used as data to study climate change. Patent records may be a source of evidence for when and where some found object may have been manufactured."
How to open (my) science?
https://researchdata.springernature.com/documents/web_a92645_what-are-research-data-revision
Data can be :
How to open (my) science?
https://www.ouvrirlascience.fr/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/SO_21-10-14-WEB-EN.pdf
How to open (my) science?
https://open-science-training-handbook.github.io/Open-Science-Training-Handbook_EN//02OpenScienceBasics/
How to open (my) science?
https://dmp.opidor.fr/
How to open (my) science?
https://dmp.opidor.fr/
How to open (my) science?
Diamond Open Access: Gold Open Access without charging APC.
Majority of for-profit, gold OA journals
Hybrid journals
How to open (my) science?
Article 30
Research publications funded at least 50% by public funds and appearing in serials with at least an issue a year can be made available free of charge after an embargo period.
The right of the authors is non-waivable, so any contractual provision to the contrary is superseded irrespective of academic publishers' policies.
Self-archiving (of the manuscript approved for publication) is then possible for all authors after 6 or 12 months from the publication.
How to open (my) science?
How to open (my) science?
https://101innovations.wordpress.com/workflows/
How to open (my) science?
How to open (my) science?
- by making my research process transparent from the very beginning - if possible.
- by sharing my data and methods to make my research reproductible.
- by learning my rights regarding publication and using them to disseminate my articles.
Thank you for your attention :)
Don't forget to sign the attendance Framaform!
Contact: margaux.larre-perez@u-paris.fr