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Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

EGYPT

Women in ancient egypt

by hala elmolla

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

Structure

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

1

Definitions & Background information

Archeology & Ancient Egypt

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

1.1. archeology

• study of human past using material remains
• portable remains > tools > artifacts
• Non-portable > pyramids > features

• Archaeologists learn how people lived in specific times & places

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

1.2. Ancient Egypt

• ancient egyptian civilisation - over 3000 years > most powerful

• stretched as far north as modern day Syria

• & as far south as todays Sudan

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

1.2. Ancient Egypt

• ancient egyptian civilisation - over 3000 years > most powerful & iconic

• stretched as far north as modern day Syria

• & as far south as todays Sudan
• before empire > city states along nile

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

1.2. Ancient Egypt

• ancient egyptian civilisation - over 3000 years > most powerful & iconic

• stretched as far north as modern day Syria

• & as far south as todays Sudan
• before empire > city states along nile
• two regions > upper & lower Egypt

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

lower Egypt

lower Egypt

upper Egypt

upper Egypt

1.2. Ancient Egypt

• ancient Egyptian civilization - over 3000 years > most powerful & iconic

• stretched as far north as modern-day Syria

• & as far south as today's Sudan
• before empire > city-states along Nile
• two regions > upper & lower Egypt
• 3100 B.C. united > Egyptian state

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

lower Egypt

upper Egypt

The Old Kingdom

The Middle Kingdom

The New Kingdom

first intermediate period

second intermediate period

Timeline

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

(ca. 2675 - 2130 B.C.E)

(ca. 1980 - 1630 B.C.E.)

(ca. 1539 - 1075 B.C.E.)

(ca. 2130 - 1980 B.C.E.)

(ca. 1630 - 1539/1523 B.C.E)

- pyramids

- construction of famous pyramids & sphinx

- pyramids

- achievements in arts & architecture

- great trading power

- pyramids

- expansion of literacy

- dynastic rule ended

- pyramids

- achievements in arts & architecture

- great trading power

- pyramids

2

social structure

Social pyramid & Gender Roles

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

PHARAOH

GOVERMENT OFFICIALS

NOBLES & PRIESTS

SOLDIERS & SCRIBES

CRAFTSMEN

PEASANTS & SLAVES

5

4

3

2

1

6

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

- appointed by Pharaoh to assist

- helped run the government

- highest > vizier > second to pharaoh in power

Scribes:

- only people read & write

- kept track of things > records

Soldiers:

- defense of country

- supervised labourers on building projects

- skilled workers

> pottery, painting, etc.

- worked in workshops

Peasants:

- were farmers > produced crops

- built pyramids

- household servants

Slaves:

- prisoners of war

- worked labor jobs

> household servants, farmers

- god on earth

- makes laws

- ensuring no attacks & invasions

- makes sure gods happy > good harvest

Nobles:

- ruled region of Egypt

- make local laws

Priests:

- kept gods happy

> performed religious rituals

- burial & embalming of dead

-

• Male roles less dominant than in other societies of the time
• inherit their fathers job; provide for family & take care of parents
• expected to establish themselves before wife & family

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

2.2. Role of Men

• could rule country & same basic human rights as men
• could own property, initiate divorce, own & operate own businesses, etc.
• female rulers gained positions through male kings

• role as mother & wife came first

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

2.3. Role of Women

• story of creation key why women so prominent:
• all life started from waters of creation
• > the great sun emerged > create many equal male and female deities

• Osiris & Isis > siblings & married
• after Osiris's death, Isis's power resurrected him
• Isis seen as powerful & respected divine mother figure
• > inspired ancient Egyptian women

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

2.3. Role of Women

3

women from all classes

upper, Middle & Lower class

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

• source of information:
• literature discovered around 1920 > love poems
• found in a pit near ancient Egyptian village > Deir el-Medina
• pit > failed attempt to find water source

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.1. Lower Class - Amunet

• Archeologists found pieces of pottery & letters
• love letters > peasant Amunet & noble lover Taaleef
• Amunet born & raised in Deir el-Medina with parents
• household servant for noble family
• > Taaleef was a scribe

• Amunets ability to read & write unknown

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.1. Lower Class - Amunet

• Taaleef's letter: wife passed away & wishes Amunet to live with him
• promises her wealthy life > become a doctor
• Amunet's letter: confesses love & promises love & support
• around 1923 her name in list of doctors discovered > no further information found

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.1. Lower Class - Amunet

• source of information:
• 1906 February 15th, archaeologists Ernesto Schiaperelli & Arthur Weigall discovered tomb
• Egyptian couple lived around c.1450-1390 B.C.
• unique find > absolutely intact & many antiquities

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.2. Middle Class - Merit

+info

• Kha: chief of foreman > created tombs of pharaohs > Hatshepsut
• received honorable gifts > food, land, water, etc.

• Merit: lady of the house > housewife

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.2. Middle Class - Merit

• responsibilities as lady of the house:
• wake up family; cook; clean; childcare
• weaving & sewing, baking bread; brewing beer, etc.
• since Merit wealthy > servants helped and assisted her

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.2. Middle Class - Merit

• Merit's funerary goods:
• pieces of linen and clothing
• elaborate wigs
• beauty chest: perfume; cosmetics; moisturizers etc.
• passed away around age 30 in 1400 B.C.

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.2. Middle Class - Merit

+info

• Hatshepsut's existence unknown until 1822 > scholars able to read hieroglyphics of temples
• 1903 British archeologist Howard Carter > Hatshepsut's empty stone coffin
• archeologist team eventually found her mummy in 2007

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.3. Upper Class - Hatshepsut

• born in 1508 B.C. to Pharaoh Thutmose 1.

• after death of father & two brothers
• > half-brother Thutmose 2. heir to throne
• married Hatshepsut to legitimize claim to throne > one daughter & stepson

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.3. Upper Class - Hatshepsut

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.3. Upper Class - Hatshepsut

• after death of husband > stepson Thutmose 3. new heir to throne
• Hatshepsut queen regent until stepson old enough
• after years > declared herself pharaoh of Egypt
• depicted herself > male body & beard

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.3. Upper Class - Hatshepsut

• one of most successful Pharaohs
• expanded the empire's trade routes
• > sent forces on expedition to punt
• great success > army returned with many goods > gold & ivory, etc.

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.3. Upper Class - Hatshepsut

• built temple in her honor > paintings of life story
  
• scans of mummy > suffered from bone cancer
• passed away in 1458 B.C.
• stepson ordered eradication 20 years after death > revenge for stealing his throne

4

Compairing gender roles of ancient civilizations

Ancient Greece & Rome

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

Women of Ancient Egypt

Women of Ancient Greece

Women of Ancient Rome

5

Conclusion

summary & Answer

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

features

artifacts

non-portable remains

portable remains

hieroglyphics

funerary objects

temples

pyramids

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

Thanks!

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

Sources

• Internet sources:
• https://www.history.com/.amp/topics/ancient-history/ancient-egypt
• https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/archaeology/3rd-grade/
• https://ancientegyptonline.co.uk/thegods/
• https://www.history.com/topics/ancient- history/hatshepsut
• https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02053/full
• https://ancientegyptonline.co.uk/isis/
• https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nefertiti
• https://ancientegyptonline.co.uk/sekhmet/
• https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-queen-who-would-be-king-130328511/
• https://www.jstor.org/stable/25486220?read- now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A1ae81fdddaa2123d74b948e4e7e4a590&seq=10

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

• https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/queens-egypt-pharaohs- nefertiti-cleopatra-book-talk
• https://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/first- feminist1.htm#:~:text=Lower%2Dclass%20women%20got%20out,and%20other%20entertai ners%20for%20royalty
• https://fathom.lib.uchicago.edu/1/777777190170/
• https://www.legendsandchronicles.com/ancient-civilizations/ancient-egypt/ancient-egyptian- men/
• https://www.ducksters.com/history/ancient_egypt/womens_roles.php
• https://www.neshaminy.org/cms/lib6/PA01000466/Centricity/Domain/439/Chapter%209%20 %20Daily%20Life%20in%20Ancient%20Egypt%20FULL%20TEXT%20with%20Pictures.p df
• https://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/civil/egypt/egcl06e.html
• https://lisbdnet.com/what-was-the-largest-social-class-in-ancient-egypt/

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

• https://www.ushistory.org/civ/3f.asp
• Literatur sources:
• Ancient Egypt - Farid Atiya
• Women in Ancient Egypt - Barbara Watterson
• Video sources:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRvk7hKrvMU
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gb5XLanQocM&list=TLPQMDgwMzIwMjLQGOPdJ2 N58w&index=5
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMV2JZzGsa8&ab_channel=LexCarruthers
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5PHA2w_Nzs&ab_channel=MandieAva
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZQE4BVUEg4&list=TLPQMDgwMzIwMjLQGOPdJ2 N58w&index=2

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TxU1kl28Pds&list=TLPQMDgwMzIwMjLQGOPdJ2N5 8w&index=4Hatshepsut.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEr1vWsobDw
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=93wMZx-a3_w&t=150s
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1BPjHILuM8
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gRdvaik-dJI
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_LQ0tvSXu0
• Images:
• https://i.pinimg.com/originals/58/13/0c/58130ce298064ca3b6672d9d34b029fb.jpg
• https://www.pinterest.de/pin/692991461422720603/
• https://www.flickr.com/photos/cool-art/4443396829/in/photostream/
• https://www.pinterest.de/pin/512425263830567500/

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

additional sources

• https://www.britannica.com/science/archaeology
• https://www.britannica.com/place/ancient-Egypt
• https://www.nationalgeographic.org/topics/resource-library-ancient-egypt/?q=&page=1&per_page=25
• https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-egypt
• https://www.ushistory.org/civ/3f.as
• https://www.ushistory.org/civ/3b.as
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hO1tzmi1V5
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZQE4BVUEg4&list=TLPQMjgwMTIwMjLLXsqSaPt80A&index=4

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

• https://www.sidmartinbio.org/what-roles-did-men-have-in-egypt/
• https://www.reference.com/history/were-roles-men-ancient-egypt-b3efee18f7ec8c82
• https://www.ushistory.org/civ/3f.asp#:~:text=A%20woman's%20role%20as%20mother,as%20witnesses%20in%20court%20cases.
• https://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/first-feminist1.htm#:~:text=Lower%2Dclass%20women%20got%20out,and%20other%20entertainers%20for%20royalty.
• https://www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com/kha-and-merit/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I13D0H88pD8

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

picture sources:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hO1tzmi1V5g&list=RDQM0_vwJxxVRwE&start_radio=1
• https://henryzaidan.medium.com/gustav-klimt-isis-01-works-religious-art-interpretation-of-ancient-egyptians-deities-with-bcfc62a35d46
• https://www.flickr.com/photos/155826695@N06/49103188021
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TT8#/media/File:TT8_tomb_entrance_01.jpg
• https://www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com/kha-and-merit/
• https://www.pinterest.de/pin/341710690450177544/
• https://en.most-famous-paintings.com/MostFamousPaintings.nsf/A?Open&A=8BWTD9
• https://www.pinterest.de/pin/692991461423992654/