The Troubles
1968-1998
1967
1968
1966
1969
1970
1971
march: Creation of the
Ulster protestant volunteers
1966
may : Ulster volunteers forces declares war to IRA (Irish Republican Army)
IRA
june: In Belfast, Ulster volunteers forces kills catholics civilians and get restricted
1967
1st of february: Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA) is created to obtain equality between catholics and protestants
1968
24 august: NICRA "somewhat hesitantly" agreed to hold its first protest march from Coalisland to Dungannon. The march is published as a "civil rights march", and the organisers emphasised its non-sectarian dimension.
5 october: the "civil rights march" is not allowed in Derry,this is the beginning of the Troubles
1969
4 january: demonstration attacked by Unionist and police officer in civil.
12-16 august: the Battle of the Bogside erupted in Derry: three days of cruel clashes between the Royal Ulster Constabulary and thousands of Catholics residents of the Bogside district.
december: The Irish Republican Army splits between the Official IRA (OIRA) and the Provisional IRA (PIRA).
Battle of the Bogside
1970
3-5 July: Official IRA and rioters attacked the british army.
5 civilians were killed, 60 wounded and 300 arrested by the British army. The IRA shot more than 50 British soldiers.
IRA and rioters
1971
9-10 august: the operation Demetrius was a British Army operation.
It involved the massive arrest and internment (imprisonment without trial) of people suspected of being implicated with the Irish Republican Army.
operation Demetrius
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1978
1972
21 July: Bloody Friday, IRA blew up 22 bombs in Belfast.2 British soldiers, a member of the Ulster defense association and 6 civilians, are killed, and more than 130 wounded.
31 July: Operation Motorman, the aim is retaking the "no-go areas" (areas controlled by residents, including IRA) that had been established in Belfast and other urban centres. 9 civilians die in the explosion of three trapped cars in Claudy.
It became known as "Bloody Monday".
operation Motorman
Bloody Monday
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1972
30 january: Bloody sunday. British Army shot 14 people and wound 14 more during a peaceful demonstration in Derry
14 April: IRA blew up 24 bombs and 14 gunshots against security forces.
13 July: lots of gunfire in Belfast. Provisional IRA shots 3 British soldiers. The British army kills 2 civilians and one member of the IRA.
Bloody sunday
Gunfire in Belfast
1973
9 december: Sunningdale agreement,it's an attempt to end the troubles by forcing the unionists to share power with the nationalists.
The agreement is divided into three parts: - an elected Northern Ireland Assembly,
- the Council of Ireland, on either side of the border between Northern Ireland
- the Irish Republic.
1974
22 December: The IRA announced a Christmas ceasefire until January 2. A bomb explodes at the home of former Prime Minister Edward Heath in London, three hours before the Christmas cease‐fire announcement.
1975
10 february: PIRA accept a ceasefire with the British government.
december: end of the Internment after almost 2000 people were interned up.
1976
10 August: Peace rallyes were organised to obtain peace after a car went out of control and killed three children .Mairead Corrigan was one of the founders of this "Peace People" movement.
Mairead Corrigan
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1978
14-19 November: The IRA blew up 50 bombs in different towns of Northern Ireland like Derry, Belfast,Castlederg,Enniskillen Armagh and Cookstown
1979
1981
1983
1985
1986
1988
22 March: the British ambassador in Netherlands was killed by two gunmen outside his home as he was leaving for the embassy. Those men are members of the IRA
1979
September: Pope Jean-Paul II calls to end violence in Northern Ireland and return to "the ways of peace".
British ambassador
Pope Jean-Paul II in Ireland
1981
february: The second hunger strike is a showdown between the prisoners and the Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher.
One hunger striker, Bobby Sands,elected as a member of parliament during the strike, prompting media interest from around the world.
5 may: The strike was called off after he die and ten prisoners had starved themselves to death.
Bobby Sands
1983
2 May: New Ireland Forum, a forum set up in 1983–1984 at which Irish nationalist political parties discusse potential political developments that might soothe the Troubles in Northern Ireland. The Forum was established by Garret FitzGerald.
Garret FitzGerald
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1985
15 november: Margaret Thatcher and Garret FitzGerald sign the Anglo-Irish Agreement, a treaty between the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland which aimed to help bring an end to the Troubles in Northern Ireland.The treaty gave the Irish government an advisory role in Northern Ireland's government.
Garret FitzGerald
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Margaret Thatcher
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1986
june: the Northern Ireland Assembly was officially dissolved.
2 November: The republican party Sinn Féin, founded in 1970, votes to end the policy of refusing to vote.
10 November: the Ulster resistance is founded by par Ian Paisley, Peter Robinson et Ivan Foster in opposition to the Anglo-Irish Agreement.
1988
January: the peace process starts with a meeting stand by John Hume and Gerry Adams members of Sinn Féin.
19 October: British government censors BBC and every organisations suspected to support the terrorism.
Gerry Adams
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John Hume
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1990
1994
1995
1997
1998
1990
22 November: Margaret Thatcher leaves her position as a Prime Minister.After retiring from the Commons in 1992, she gives a life peaceable as Baroness Thatcher which authorize her to sit in the House of Lords.
Margaret Thatcher
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House of Lords
1994
January: prohibit is abolished in the Republic of Ireland.
31 August: The PIRA announces a complete ceasefire and stops military activities.
1995
January: A delegation of Sinn Féin meets officially members of the Northern Ireland government.
22 February: The Joint Declaration admits that the most urgent and important issue facing the people of Ireland, the British and Irish Governments together, is to remove the causes of conflict, to overcome the legacy of history and to heal the divisions which have resulted. They release the Joint Frameworks Documents.
representant of Sinn Féin
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representant of the northern ireland government
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1997
September: Mitchell Principles were constitued by six rules agreed by the Irish and British governments and the political parties in Northern Ireland. Sinn Féin signs it.
Sinn Féin
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Georges Mitchell
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Martin McGuinness
1998
10 april: Good Friday Agreement also called Belfast Agreement is an agreement that ended most of the violence of the Troubles. It's a peace agreement
15 May: in order that people voting against the Good Friday Agreement, Loyalist Volunteer Forces announce a ceasefire.
22 august: IRA also announces a ceasefire
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British Prime Minister Tony Blair
Irish Prime Minister Bertie Ahern
Senator George J. Mitchell
President Bill Clinton
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THe end
presentation by Katlyn SIGALE, James PURVIS and Raphael UCAY
