The McCarthysm

The essentials things about

McCarthysm

The Context

The Hollywood
ten

McCarthy ?

Modern
WitchHunt

The beginnings of hunting

How did this end

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McCarthyism appeared at the start of the Cold War, which pitted the United States against the USSR. The geopolitical situation is causing real paranoia in American public opinion, which expresses a fear of communism and the Soviet bloc

As early as 1946, President Harry Truman set up a temporary commission to investigate the loyalty of federal civil servants. It is then a question of identifying and removing subversive civil servants, supporters of ideologies or so-called "totalitarian" regimes such as fascism, communism and Nazism.

A discreet senator during his first three years in Congress, McCarthy made himself known on February 9, 1950 by delivering a speech on the "enemies within" in which he claimed to have a list of "members of the Communist Party and [...] of a spy ring" that "infest" the US State Department and "shape its policy. Gaining national notoriety after this speech, McCarthy multiplied, in the years that followed, accusations of communist contagion within the State Department, but also the administration of President Truman, The Voice of America, the US Army and Hollywood, giving rise to investigations that contribute to creating a climate of anti-Communist paranoia, known as "Witch Hunts", "Second Red Scare" or even "McCarthyism" (the latter term being entered into everyday language to designate any reputational undermining or smear campaign aimed at eliminating an opposition, most often from the left, in the name of national security).

The expression “Hollywood Ten” designates ten producers, screenwriters or film directors who were summoned in 1947 by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC).

Alvah Bessie, screenwriter

Herbert Biberman, screenwriter, director

Lester Cole, screenwriter

Edward Dmytryk, director

Ring Lardner Jr, journalist, screenwriter

John Howard Lawson, screenwriter

Albert Maltz, screenwriter

Samuel Ornitz, screenwriter

Adrian Scott, screenwriter, producer

Dalton Trumbo, director, screenwriter, novelist

On July 30, 1954, Republican Senator Ralph Flanders tabled a motion of no confidence in McCarthy. On August 2, 1954, the Senate set up a bipartisan commission — three Republicans and three Democrats — chaired by Senator Arthur V. Watkins to examine McCarthy's case. The Watkins Commission brought two charges against McCarthy: first, his refusal to appear in 1952 before the Subcommittee on Privileges and Elections to answer questions about him, and his systematic obstruction of the work of that committee, and, second, his conduct on February 18, 1954, for publicly denigrating and defaming General Zwicker during the army hearings. The Senate sends a reprimand to McCarthy on December 2, 1954 by 67 votes against 2220. Marginalized in political circles, discredited, McCarthy sinks into alcoholism and dies in 1957.

In 2013, Following the death of a Mount Hagen child from illness, Leniata Kepari is accused of witchcraft. She confesses during the investigation. A relative of the victim tortures her with a hot iron bar before burning her on a tire pyre.

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