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The situational language teaching method.the total physical response method.the audiolingual method.
1. SITUATIONAL LANGUAGE
3. THE AUDIOLINGUAL METHOD
2. THE TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE METHOD
ORAL APPROACH
Situational Language Teaching (SLT) which is also known as the Oral Approach and Structural Approach was developed in the 1920s. The main idea of this method is to teach a new language as a habit. Encouraging the learner to use the language in a familiar way through oral practices using visual aids. In other words: This method sees the acquisition of a new language as habit information. In this method, the material is taught orally but presented in written and visual form. This method represents information in the form of visual aids. e.g. walls charts, flashcards, and pictures.
https://web.microsoftstream.com/video/20dbde88-0825-4758-a683-11aa74837a68
TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE METHOD Total Physical Response is linked to the "trace theory" of memory in psychology, which holds that the more often or the more intensively a memory connection is traced, the stronger the memory association will be and the more likely it will be recalled. Retracing can be done verbally, (e.g., by rote repetition) and/ or in association with motor activity. Combined tracing activities, such as verbal rehearsal accompanied by motor activity. Winitz, 1981> a) Comprehension abilities precede productive skills in learning a language. b) The teaching of speaking should be delayed until comprehension skills are established. c) skills acquired through listening transfer to other skills. d) Teaching should emphasize meaning rather than form. e) Teaching should minimize learner stress.
Learning Hypotheses 1. There exists a specific innate bio-program for language learning, which defines an optimal path for first and second language development. 2. Brain lateralization defines different learning functions in the left- and right- brain hemispheres. 3. Stress (an affective filter) intervenes between the act of learning and what is to be learned; the lower the stress, the greater the learning. Remember that this method is commonly used for beginners. The goal is to give a mental blueprint of the language that will make it possible to produce spoken language later.
TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE
Physical Movements
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THE AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD
Skills were taught in the following order:
Listening
Speaking
Reading
Writing
Language was introduced through dialogues which contained common structures used in everyday communication as well as useful vocabulary. Learners mimicked the teacher or a tape, listening carefully to all the features of the spoken target language. Native speaker - like pronunciation was important in presenting the model. To consolidate what was learnt dialogues were adapted. Drills were practiced orally. Once the learner had mastered the basic structures, S/he was asked to write reports/ compositions based on the oral lessons.
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USEFUL VOCABULARY