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THERESE BRATLAND
Created on February 2, 2022
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Transcript
Mary Wollstonecraft (1750-1797): the founder of feminism
1. Context
2. Her life
3. Vindication of the Rights of Women
4. A Statue for Mary
Read about the sculpture and reactions to it
03 A sculpture to honor Mary Wollstonecraft?
- Before reading: what is your first reaction to the statue?
- Read an article here
- Read different reactions here
- Post your own reaction here
More images
HELP: In my opinion... According to me... I feel that.... To be honest I think that.... I think the statue represents... What strikes me most is the fact that... I'm struck by..... I can't help wondering... My first reaction is....
HELP: information you can look for in the article
- Information about the artist behind the statue
- Information about the statue itself (location, meaning, materials)
- How Wollstonecraft is described in the article
- The artist's reaction or response to the criticism
- Different reactions to the statue, positive or negative
- backlash (v) a sudden violent backward movement or reaction / a strong adverse reaction
- unveil (v) reveal, show something for the first time
- query (v) question, to question something
- chairwoman (n), chairperson: adiministrative head of an organisation
- legacy (n): intellectual heritage
- bury (v): conceal with obscurity (in this text)
- go beyond something “aller au délà de quelque chose”
- “to put an injustice to right”
- swirl (n) a mix
- mingle (n) a mix
- a drunk (n): (pej): an alcoholic
- squander (v): to waste
- birth (v): “naissance”
- empowerment (n): giving power to someone or something, making someone feel powerful
- weird (adj): strange
- icky (adj): offensive to the senses or sensibilities
REACTIONS
Do you agree? Disagree? Why? Which reaction is your favourite? Why? How would YOU reply to these tweets? How do you think Mary Wollstonecraft would have reacted herself?
What about Maggie Hambling, the artist who made the sculpture, how do you imagine she responded to the criticism?
How does Maggie Hambling respond to the critisism?
OPTIONAL WORK (B1-B2)
Everyman or Everywoman:a person or fictional character regarded as representing the human race or the common person.Likeness (noun): a ressemblance
HELP: LEVEL A2+
THE ARTIST'S REACTION TO THE CRITICISM (A2+)
The accompanying plaque states clearly that the statue is for Wollstonecraft, not of her. It's not a conventional heroic or heronic likeness of her. It's a sculpture about now, in her spirit. Clothes define people. As she's Everywoman, I'm not defining her in any particular clothes
"
"
CEveryman or Everywoman:a person or fictional character regarded as representing the human race or the common person.Likeness (noun): a ressemblance
Statue of Mary Wollstonecraft
Statues of other political thinkers in London
Newington Green, London, since 2020
I.Surprising facts
Mind-map
Document 1. The scold's bridle
Document 2. Selling a wife
Legislation, women's rights
LEGISLATION PROTECTING WOMEN'S RIGHTS
Watch and find out what these dates correspond to
(from 6:12 to 7:20)
14971882192819701991
The Act Room, in the Parliamentary Archives: place where written laws and documents are kept to be entitled to something : to have a right to something to strip something away: to take something away, remove something a scroll : ancient document (parchemin)
Act Room of the House of Parliament written documents of the laws scrolls of the archive the legislation that protects women's rights the married women's property act entitled to vote. equal pay act, rape imagine
LA VOIX PASSIVE au prétérit A society in which male mastery and female inferiority were taken for granted. Traditionally, the unwanted woman was led to market in her Sunday best dress with a rope around her neck or her waist. She was exhibited like any beast, haggled over and auctioned off.
- La voix passive nous permet de mettre en avant le sujet de la phrase, mentionné en premier Avec cette structure, nous pouvons dire que le sujet de la phrase subit l'action décrite par le verbe.
- La voix passive est aussi souvent utilisée soit parce que nous ne savons pas exactement qui est l'agent du verbe, soit parce qu'il est évident.
Background
Education
Early professional life
Private life / love life
Ideas, publications
Death
3. THE EXTRAORDINARY MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT
MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT Find information about
- Background / childhood
- Eduation
- Early professional life
- Private life / love life
- Writings and ideas
- Death
- 1759
- 1784
- 1786
- 1787
- 1790
- 1792
- 1793
- 1794
- 1795
- 1797
Timeline TANG G1
RESSOURCES AND STUDENT WORK
Do you agree? Disagree? Why? Which reaction is your favourite? Why? How would YOU reply to these tweets? How do you think Mary Wollstonecraft would have reacted herself?
QUIZ
PDF timeline
1759
01 Background and Education
A woman's placeMary was born into prosperity but her father, a drun , squandered the family money. Like her mother, she often suffered abuse at his hands. Whil her older brother, Ned, received an extensive formal education, Mary spent just a few years in a day school. The disparity rankled. Why should she be denied the opportunities given to her brother just because she was a girl? She resolved, with characteristic determination, to educate herself.
a drunk,
squandered
While
Conjunction: although, even if (même si)
rankled
1786
02 Early professional life
The school closed after Mary’s friend Fanny died in childbirth. Wollstonecraft reluctantly took work as a governess.Her employers were the Irish aristocrats Lord and Lady Kingsborough in Cork. Mary soon came to despise her mistress. In Lady Kingsborough she saw everything she disliked in fashionable femininity, describing her as ‘frivolous’ with ‘neither sense nor feeling’. Restlessly ambitious, Wollstonecraft also yearned for the company of her intellectually curious friends back in London. After a year of quarrels and depression, she was fired.
1784
By the age of 25, Wollstonecraft had opened a small girls’ school with her two sisters and her friend Fanny Blood. It was a financial struggle.Yet Mary’s intellectual horizons expanded. She befriended Richard Price, a Presbyterian minister, fellow of the Royal Society and a committed advocate of political reform. Price counted Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin among his clique of radical friends. Wollstonecraft discovered a forum for debate among this group of enlightened thinkers, grasping the opportunity to shape her own ideas.
a struggle (n): a battle, a fight
expand (v): become bigger, larger,
committed (adj): dedicated
advocate (n): defender
enlightened (adj): not ignorant or narrow in thinking
despise (v): hate
yearn for (V): long for, desire
quarrel (n): fights, disputes
1797
03 Private life and love life
Wollstonecraft learned Imlay was having an affair, but she was desperate to save the relationship. Imlay persuaded her to go to Scandinavia.
1793, 1794
Like many prominent reformers, Mary left for Paris. She was embraced by the radicals shaping a new social order in France.The execution of Louis XVI in January 1793 swiftly dispelled her euphoria. In the terror that followed, more than 25,000 people were guillotined. Wollstonecraft despaired at the corruption of the revolution’s ideals. That same year, she met the American Gilbert Imlay. Defying moral convention, they became lovers and, in 1794, she gave birth to her first child, Fanny, out of wedlock. The relationship proved both short-lived and devastating for Mary.
outside of marriage
1795
Wollstonecraft emerged from the depths of her despair and found personal happiness with an unlikely partner. William Godwin was a famous radical philosopher. Wollstonecraft first met him at a dinner held by her publisher, Joseph Johnson, in 1791. Godwin had attended excited to meet Thomas Paine. Instead, Mary and Godwin argued all evening and he left, irritated. In 1796, with typical disregard for convention, Wollstonecraft took the lead and renewed his acquaintance. They fell in love. Although Godwin was opposed to the principle of marriage, when Wollstonecraft fell pregnant they wed in March 1797.
A ship had been stolen from him by a Norwegian ship captain and he wanted compensation. Mary was unsuccessful and returned to London to discover Imlay had betrayed her again. Distraught, she threw herself off Putney Bridge into the Thames only to be saved by the intervention of passing watermen. This episode led to her finest literary work – a travelogue of her Scandinavian journey told through an imaginary correspondence with Imlay
make something go away or end
outside marriage
(une liaison)
(à travers)
deep anguish, pain, unhappiness
(mépris)
married
1792
04 Ideas and writings
In England the prominent politician Edmund Burke condemned the social upheaval in his conservative tract, Reflections on the Revolution in France. Mary was incensed by his writings. She quickly penned a furious defence of the revolution's egalitarian ideals: A Vindication of the Rights of Men. This was the first shot fired in a critical war of words, known as the Revolution Controversy, which would include the publication of Thomas Paine's The Rights of Man a year later.
1787
Wollstonecraft returned to London (from Ireland) broke and miserable. But she soon found new purpose as an author.The radical publisher Joseph Johnson agreed to publish Wollstonecraft’s first book – the didactic Thoughts on the Education of Daughters. Mary went on to become a regular contributor to Johnson’s new literary magazine, the Analytical Review. At Johnson’s weekly dinners Mary met and shared ideas with radical thinkers including Thomas Paine, Anna Barbauld and William Godwin. She thrived in this vibrant intellectual circle.
1790
Wollstonecraft had written passionately in defence of the revolution's ideals. Now she went further and claimed equality for her sex. How could true liberty and equality be achieved if restricted to men alone? In her best-selling book A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Wollstonecraft took the principles of the revolution to their logical conclusion. Wollstonecraft outlined a vision of equality between the sexes. If women were afforded the same opportunities and education, she wrote, they could contribute as much to society as men. The book made Wollstonecraft’s name.
A more equal society seemed within reach with the revolution unfolding across the channel in France. It was the change Mary's radical set longed for.I i
thrive (adj): develop, blossom, bloom
possible to achieve, not far away, not impossible
group
desired
(bouleversements sociaux)
very inspired by
wrote
(plus loin)
traced
given
1798
05 Death
1797
On 30 August, Wollstonecraft went into labour and after about 18 hours she gave birth to her second child, a daughter, also named Mary (who went on to write Frankenstein aged 21). But there were minor complications which the surgeon mishandled (Wollstonecraft wanted a midwife, who should have known what to do) and she suffered acute haemorrhaging. Infection followed. Eleven days later, Wollstonecraft died at the age of 38.
Godwin, still grieving, wrote her first biography. And in doing so, he unwittingly brought about Wollstonecraft’s second death:
without knowing it
her reputation was killed in the scandal following the revelation of her unconventional life and loves. Overnight she became toxic. The shockwaves were massive, and lasting. Wollstonecraft’s enemies couldn’t contain their glee: here was proof irrefutable that she was a whore, a “hyena in petticoats” as Horace Walpole described her.Scurrilous poems did the rounds, including an exceptionally unpleasant piece of work called The Un-sex’d Females. This was poetry functioning as an 18th-century Twitter: mocking Wollstonecraft as a “poor maniac” a “voluptuous” victim of “licentious love.” The author also wrote that “she died a death that strongly marked the distinction of the sexes, by pointing out the destiny of women, and the diseases to which they are liable.” In that oldest of misogynistic chestnuts: she was asking for it. She was a trouble-maker, and she died a woman’s death. Take note, ladies!Even Wollstonecraft’s friends and allies stepped back; silenced, shaking their heads. Wollstonecraft’s legacy was trashed for well over a century
disagreable, not nice
(en deuil)
without knowing
joy, delight, pleasure
(jupons)
completely ruined
Questions you naturally ask yourself when you see this image: What is this object? Why was it used? Where was it used? When was it used? How did it work?
Questions you naturally ask yourself when you see this image: Did men really sell their wives? What it legal? When did this take place? How long did it happen?
Find information about the scold's bridle
1 THE SCOLD'S BRIDLE
HELP
Vocabulary
Grammar
2. Make a summary for your classmates
EXTRA HELP, A2
EXTRA HELP, B1-B2
1.Find information: watch and take notes.
a scold (n) : dated: a woman who disturbs the public peace by noisy and quarrelsome or abusive behaviour scold (v) : dated: to quarrel (dispute) noisily, loudly bridle (n) =bride gruesome (adj) = horrible transgress (v) a transgressor (n) malicious (adj) = not kind, not nice, comes from malice gossip (n) = rumor, intimate information challenge (v) = question, dispute tongue (n) = langue spike (n) = pic bottom (n) = en dessous / dessous / bas pierce (v) = percer a criminal offense (n) = infraction pénale mouthy (adj) = rude, talkative, loud, excessively chatty to deal with something / somebody = s'occuper de a way of dealing with somebody
GRAMMAR HELP 1. HAVE SOMEONE DO SOMETHING (faire faire quelque chose à quelqu'un)
- have someone do something: (faire faire queue chose à quelqu'un)
- have + something (objet) + done (participe passé) by somebody
QUESTIONS WE ASK OURSELVES WHEN WE SEE THIS IMAGE What is this? Is it a torture instrument? Who used this object, why was it used? How was it used? What was its purpose?
EXTRA HELP, BEGINNER LEVEL A2 13:56-15:46 The rule of ….........................................was enforced at all levels of the legal system. In the Lancaster Castle museum, curator (Colin Penny) showed me a gruesome instrument of punishment specifically ….................................................. This is a skull's bridal, also known as a brank and it was used almost exclusively on ….................who had transgressed, essentially malicious gossip, insulting someone in the public, what we would call liable fighting in the street, but most important our purposes, challenging …..........................................., those men invariably being their own husbands, so in , so in many cases it was their husbands who had them put in this. The whole thing opened out, it was put around their heads and the metal bar over the tongue, now some examples had a metal spike at the bottom, the idea being that it would pierce the tongue and prevented them even from trying because because the last thing that they wanted would be a woman arguing back while still trying to wear it, so the spike pierced the tongue and …..................................................................... So how long did you wear it for? Usually for ….........................., for a market day... Ugh, the thought of a confederacy of husbands thinking “you shut that one up” is just really awful to me...[...] But..it's not actually a technical criminal offense is it? A crime to be mouthy? No, it was always only a semi official way of dealing with …............................................. Now you can use the script and try to answer your classmates' questions
- This is called...
- it was used on.....
- it was used because...
- the transgressions could be...
- it was used by....
EXTRA HELP B1-B2 SOME KEYWORDS. 13:56-15:46 rule of.... gruesome instrument... exclusively designed for... malicious... liable... challenging... husbands metal bar... metal spike... tongue... prevented.. criminal... transgressors
Information you can look for: Alternative name Who used this object? Who was this object used on? Why was it used? How was it used? What was its purpose?
selling a wife.
2
1. Find information: 03'30-:06'16: could men really sell their wives in the 18th century?
Listen for information and make a summary for your classmates
Pre intermediate, A2
BEGINNERLEVEL A2: Listen and fill in the blanks 03:30- 06:16 SELLING A WIFE
- This is the ___________ market in Hailsham, East Sussex, ____________ they're selling ________, sheep and ___________But if you came here in ___________, you could have __________ yourself another man's ________, in October that year, the local paper reported that a __________ lead his __________ to Hailsham market and ___________ her to the highest ___________, a lucky tradesman _______ her for the lucky sum of ____________ shillings, bore her off to the triumph and congratulation of the crowd.
- Traditionally the unwanted ___________ was lead to __________ in her sunday _________ dress with a ___________ around her ___________ or around her __________
- She was _____________ like any __________, haggled over and ___________ off
- Wife sales were, technically, _________ the law, but they embodied a _________ ________ that lasted until the late __________century. A woman was the ___________ of her ___________ so why should he not ____________ her, like a piece of __________.
- The ___________ tradition of wife sales ____________ an ____________ truth upon which British society was built, __________ mastery and _____________ inferiority were ________ for granted
Intermediate, B1
BEGINNERLEVEL A2: Listen and fill in the blanks 03:30- 06:16 SELLING A WIFE
- This is the ___________ market in Hailsham, East Sussex, ____________ they're selling ________, sheep and ___________But if you came here in ___________, you could have __________ yourself another man's ________, in October that year, the local paper reported that a __________ lead his __________ to Hailsham market and ___________ her to the highest ___________, a lucky tradesman _______ her for the lucky sum of ____________ shillings, bore her off to the triumph and congratulation of the crowd.
- Traditionally the unwanted ___________ was lead to __________ in her sunday _________ dress with a ___________ around her ___________ or around her __________
- She was _____________ like any __________, haggled over and ___________ off
- Wife sales were, technically, _________ the law, but they embodied a _________ ________ that lasted until the late __________century. A woman was the ___________ of her ___________ so why should he not ____________ her, like a piece of __________.
- The ___________ tradition of wife sales ____________ an ____________ truth upon which British society was built, __________ mastery and _____________ inferiority were ________ for granted
VOCABULARY
Grammar
2. Write a summary for your classmates
INTERMEDIATE LEVEL 03:30 -06:16, At Hailsham livestock market Find more information about wife selling. Use the keywords for help. 1814.... tradition.... 300 wives.... legal principle.... ugly truth about British society....
livestock (n)= cows, pigs, sheep market, fair cattle - betail buy – bought can – could unwanted ≠ wanted to auction something off (active voice) = sell something at an auction to be auctioned off (passive voice)= be sold at an auction embody + noun = incarner to be the property OF someone = legally belong to someone thuth ≠ lie ugly ≠ beautiful "to take something for granted" (selon contexte quelque chose qui est considéré comme une évidence) to be entitled to something – quand quelque chose t'est dû
LA VOIX PASSIVE A society in which male mastery and female inferiority were taken for granted. Traditionally, the unwanted woman was led to market in her Sunday best dress with a rope around her neck or her waist. She was exhibited like any beast, haggled over and auctioned off.
- La voix passive nous permet de mettre en avant le sujet de la phrase, mentionné en premier Avec cette structure, nous pouvons dire que le sujet de la phrase subit l'action décrit par le verbe.
- La voix passive est aussi souvent utilisé soit parce que nous ne savons pas exactement qui est l'agent du verbe, soit parce qu'il est évident.
EXTRA HELP BEGINNERLEVEL A2: SCRIPT 03:30- 06:16 SELLING A WIFE This is the livestock market in Hilsham, East Sussex, today they're selling pigs, sheep and cattle But if you came here in 1814, you could have bought yourself another man's wife, in October that year, the local paper that a man lead his wife to H market and offered her to the highest bidder, a lucky tradesman bought her for the lucky sum of three shillings, bore her off to the triumph and congratulation of the crowd Traditionally the unwanted woman was lead to market in her sunday best dress with a rope around her neck or around her waist She was exhibited like any beast, haggled over and auctioned off there were atleast 300 wife sales all at fairs and markets all aroud Britain, in the 18th and 19th centuries, in fact as late as 1928, women were sold in Blackwood South Wales or a pound Wife sales were, technically, against the law, but they embodied a legal principle that lasted until the late 19th century.A woman was the property of her husband, so why should he not sell her, like a piece of meat. The primitive tradition of wife sales exposes an ugly truth upon which british society was built, male mastery and female inferiority were taken for granted livestock (n)= cows, pigs, sheep market, fair cattle - betail buy – bought can – could unwanted ≠ wanted to auction something off (active voice) = sell something at an auction to be auctioned off (passive voice)= be sold at an auction embody + noun = incarner to be the property OF someone = legally belong to someone thuth ≠ lie ugly ≠ beautiful to take something for granted = think that something is completely normal
4 A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
2. Share your first impression or your reaction
1. Watch the extract
If it is too difficult you can activate the subtitles.
4. Work on the meaning
3. Read and listen
Help A2+
Help B1-B2
5. Summarize. How would YOU explain Mary Wollstonecraft's ideas to someone who has never heard of her work? Use your own words.
5. See how The Wollstonecraft Society reacted to Mary's ideas being quoted on the hit Netflix series The Bridgerton Chronicles
6. What is YOUR favourite part of the text? Choose your favourite lines from the extract.
'conduct (n)– behaviour 'manners (n)– way of being / acting 'soil (n) – earth strength (n) – force 'flaunt (v) - to parade or display ostentatiously. fastidious (adj) - very meticulous or having high and often capricious standards; difficult to please Stalk (n)- the long, green part of the flower (la tige) ought to - should barren (adj) - sterile, without life 'blooming (adv / adj) used as a noun here. Synonym: flowering (la fleuraison) hobble (v) inhibit, encumber, handicap 'virtue (n) conformity to a standard of right, morality, a particular moral excellence, a benificial quality or thing 'exact (v) to call forcibly and urgently for
HELP: I feel that.... To be honest I think that..... What strikes me most is the fact that... I'm struck by..... I'm surprised by... I (quite) liked...
'conduct (n)– behaviour 'manners (n)– way of being / acting 'soil (n) – earth strength (n) – force 'flaunt (v) - to parade or display ostentatiously. fastidious (adj) - very meticulous or having high and often capricious standards; difficult to please Stalk (n)- the long, green part of the flower (la tige) ought to - should barren (adj) - sterile, without life 'blooming (adv / adj) used as a noun here. Synonym: flowering (la fleuraison) hobble (v) inhibit, encumber, handicap 'virtue (n) conformity to a standard of right, morality, a particular moral excellence, a benificial quality or thing 'exact (v) to call forcibly and urgently for 1. In the first paragraph Wollstonecraft compares women to... Choose the correct answer.
- trees
- flowers
- birds
- Strength and beauty
- Usefulness and strength
- beauty
- strength
- beauty
- usefulness
- Women's inferior physical strength
- The system of education at the time
- Their fragile state of mind
- The men who wrote the books
- Only women can be held accountable
- women should demand respect through their beauty and delicacy
- women should be alluring mistresses
- women should be delicate
- women should exact respect through their talents and merits
- women should inspire love
- men are generally superior to women
- men are generally physically stronger than women
- women are physically superior to men
- try to make themselves physically, mentally and spiritually strong
- try to become eloquent, delicate and sensitive
- try to inspire pity and love
- elegant and respectable virgins
- respectable females
- human beings
- Use your correction from class and sum up with your own words the the ideas expressed in MW's famous essay. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
'conduct (n)– behaviour 'manners (n)– way of being / acting 'soil (n) – earth strength (n) – force 'flaunt (v) - to parade or display ostentatiously. fastidious (adj) - very meticulous or having high and often capricious standards; difficult to please Stalk (n)- the long, green part of the flower (la tige) ought to - should barren (adj) - sterile, without life 'blooming (adv / adj) used as a noun here. Synonym: flowering (la fleuraison) hobble (v) inhibit, encumber, handicap 'virtue (n) conformity to a standard of right, morality, a particular moral excellence, a benificial quality or thing 'exact (v) to call forcibly and urgently for 1. In the first paragraph Wollstonecraft compares women to.... 2. According to Mary, strength ... 4. According to women at the time beauty... 5. The reason for this problem 6.In the 18th century, books or essays about education was written by... 7. Find examples in the text of how women were seen at the time versus the ideas developed by Mary 8. Mary admits that... 9. She wants to convince women to... 10. Women should aspire to... 11. Use the correction from class and sum up with your own words the the ideas expressed in the famous essay.
According to (Mary Wollstonecraft)... In her famous essay Mary Wollstonecraft argued that... She compared ....... to ....... She felt that.... She accused.....
Read and listen (from 0:30 - 3:55)
The conduct and manners of women, [...], evidently prove that their minds are not in a healthy state; for, like the flowers which are planted in too rich a soil, strength and usefulness are sacrificed to beauty; and the flaunting leaves, after having pleased a fastidious eye, fade, disregarded on the stalk, long before the season when they ought to have arrived at maturity. One cause of this barren blooming I attribute to a false system of education, gathered from the books written on this subject by men who, considering females rather as women than human creatures, have been more anxious to make them alluring mistresses than affectionate wives and rational mothers; and the understanding of the sex has been so hobbled by this specious homage, that the civilised women of the present century, with a few exceptions, are only anxious to inspire love, when they ought to cherish a nobler ambition, and by their abilities and virtues exact respect. . . .
[...] In the government of the physical world it is observable that the female in point of strength is, in general, inferior to the male. This is the law of Nature; and it does not appear to be suspended or abrogated in favour of woman. A degree of physical superiority cannot, therefore, be denied, and it is a noble prerogative! But not content with this natural preeminence, men endeavour to sink us still lower, merely to render us alluring objects for a moment; and women, intoxicated by the adoration which men, under the influence of their senses, pay them, do not seek to obtain a durable interest in their hearts, or to become the friends of the fellow-creatures [...] My own sex, I hope, will excuse me, if I treat them like rational creatures, instead of flattering their fascinating graces, and viewing them as if they were in a state of perpetual childhood, unable to stand alone. I earnestly wish to point out in what true dignity and human happiness consists. I wish to persuade women to endeavour to acquire strength, both of mind and body, and to convince them that the soft phrases, susceptibility of heart, delicacy of sentiment, and refinement of taste, are almost synonymous with epithets of weakness, and that those beings who are only the objects of pity, and that kind of love which has been termed its sister, will soon become objects of contempt.[...]Dismissing, then, those pretty feminine phrases, which the men condescendingly use to soften our slavish dependence,[ ...,] I wish to show that elegance is inferior to virtue, that the first object of laudable ambition is to obtain a character as a hurnan being, regardless of the distinction of sex. . . .
(n) – behaviour
(n)– way of being / acting
(n) – earth
(n) – force
(v) - to parade or display ostentatiously.
(adj) - very meticulous, difficult to please
should
blossoming (en fleauraison)
(v) inhibit, encumber, handicap
having deceptive attraction or allure
moral excellence