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Transcript

smallpox vaccine

By CANO Mathéo, HUREAU Ethan & SANTANA Théo

1/ Against which disease does it give protection?

3/How was the vaccine discovered and by whom?

4/ What is the vaccine made of?

6/ What recommendations today worldwide?

2/ Epidemics of the disease before the vaccine ?

5/ State of the disease worldwide today?

Against which disease does it gives protection?

1/

  • An infectious disease of viral origin, highly contagious and epidemic, caused by a poxvirus ;
  • Characterised by a sort of 'pustule spotting' ;
  • Until the 18th century, smallpox was responsible for tens of thousands of deaths per year only in Europe ;
  • Symptons : fatigue, exanthema, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, phlyctenes, pustules, fever and scarring.

Smallpox vaccine

Young boy with smallpox and a typical vesiculopustular rash on the face.


Epidemics of the disease before the vaccine?

2/

  • The first known descriptions of smallpox date back to the 4th century AD in China and the 10th century in southwest Asia.
  • By the end of the 18th century in Europe, about 400,000 people were dying of smallpox each year.

+30%

Mortality rate above

Smallpox epidemics

60%

of people contracted smallpox

Imported to the West in 16th century

3/


how was the vaccine discovered and by whom?

Edward Jenner and the smallpox vaccine

Edward JENNER

  • On May 1796, Jenner inoculated an 8-year-old boy with a pustule taken from a farm girl infected by milking cows suffering from cowpox.
  • A pustule then appeared on the boy, which healed within 10 days.
  • After 1 year, Jenner inoculated the boy with smallpox. The disease did not appear, so the child was immuned.

4/


What is the vaccine made of?

  • The vaccine is made of a virus called vaccinia ;
  • The smallpox vaccine contains the "live" vaccinia virus.

Composition of the Smallpox vaccine

Dose of Smallpox vaccine

State of this disease worldwide today?

5/

  • Smallpox has been eradicated ;
  • The last known case in the world was in 1977 ;
  • Smallpox vaccination was stopped worldwide in 1980 thanks to a World Health Organisation (WHO) campaign ;
  • Nowadays, only samples of this virus are kept for research purposes by two WHO-approved laboratories to avoid bioterrorism risks: one in the USA and one in Russia.

Smallpox, where are you?

6/


What recommendations today worldwide?

Recommendations... or not?

  • No recommendations today worldwide ;
  • Reserves of smallpox vaccine doses in the case of a new epidemic ;
  • Vaccination against smallpox is recommended only for those at high risk.

THANKS!

Bibliography

https://www.msdmanuals.com/fr/accueil/SearchResults?query=vaccin+antivariolique

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variole

https://www.caducee.net/DossierSpecialises/infection/variole.asp

https://www.who.int/fr/news/item/08-05-2020-commemorating-smallpox-eradication-a-legacy-of-hope-for-covid-19-and-other-diseases

https://www.mesvaccins.net/web/diseases/29-variole

Matheo's SVT lesson from last year

https://www.passeportsante.net/fr/Maux/Problemes/Fiche.aspx?doc=variole_pm